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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ester Type Agents
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Benzocaine - pruritus, burns, ears, mouth, hemorrhoids
Cocaine - mucous membranes Chloroprocaine - Short acting; peripheral nerve block, epidural Procaine - Short acting - infiltration, dx nerve blocks Tetracaine - Long acting - tonometry, gonioscopy, minor ophthalmic, dx in ENT |
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Amide-Type Agents
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Articaine - Dental procedures
Bupivacaine - Long acting + lidocaine - ophthalmic Lidocaine - Intermediate acting Prilocaine - Intermediate acting + lidocaine - minor surgery, infiltration Ropivacaine - Long acting - surgery, post op, OB |
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Other Agents
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Dyclonine - oral mucosa
Pramoxine - hemorrhoids, burns, minor cuts, scrapes, minor skin irritations |
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Pharmacokinetics
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Admin: topical, parenteral, and transdermal patch
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Pharmacodynamics
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MOA - blackade of voltage-gated Na+ channels --> inc Ca2+ antagonizes action while inc K+ enhances effects
Spinal Anesthesia - inhibition of nerve transmission via substance P, NMDA, and AMPA receptors |
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Effects
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- Analgesia in peripheral tissues
- Anti-inflammatory effects - Blockade of all types of nerve fibers - Autonomic blockade - Motor paralysis - Blockade of Na+ chanels in cardiac cell membranes --? antiarrhythmic drugs |
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Uses
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- highly effective analgesia in specific areas
--> cocaine - ENT procedures --> MC used - LIDOCAINE |
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Procedure
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Upper ab - T4
Intestinal, gynecologic, urologic - T6 Vaginal delivery, hip surgery - T10 Thigh surgery and lower leg amputation - L1 Foot and ankle - L2 Perineal and anal - S2 - S5 |
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Adverse Effects
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Toxicity - systemic, direct neurotoxic in high concentrations
CNS tox - sleepiness, light-headedness, visual/auditory disturbances, restlessness, circumoral and tongue numbness, metallic taste, nystagmus, muscular twitching, tonic-clinic convulsions, seizures -- large doses - give benzodiazepines as prophylaxis Neurotox Cardiotox Hematological Tox Motor paralysis |
