Local Anesthetic

Front 1

What is local anesthesia?

Back 1

Local anesthesia: reversible loss of sensation to painful stimuli(analgesia) limited to a local area

Front 2

What is local anesthetic drug?

Back 2

Local anesthetic drug: is drug that when applied locally to nerve tissue causes reversible blockade of nerve impulse conduction

Front 3

Name four Aminoester(ester-linked) local anesthetics

Back 3

Cocaine
-Procaine
-Tetracaine
-Benzocaine
* remember the trick one i*

Front 4

Name four Aminoamide(amide-linked) local anesthetics:

Back 4

Lidocaine
-Mepivacaine
-Bupivacaine
-Ropivacaine
*Remember the trick 2 i's*

Front 5

What are the two ways that local anesthetics block sodium channel in the cell membrane

Back 5

voltage gated
concentration dependent

Front 6

What is the MOA of local anesthetics?

Back 6

Membrane-stabilizing agents
-Block sodium channel (voltage gated) in the cell membrane
-Block sodium channel (concentration dependent) in cell membrane
-Prevent sodium inflow
-Prevent depolarization of nerve cell and stop conduction of nerve impulses

Front 7

Local anesthetics are weak ______(acid/base) (Quaternary amines) formulated as ___________

Back 7

bases, hydrochloride salts

Front 8

In the uptake of local anesthetics The salt form is inactive until dissociate in tissue fluid to active ______________ (what+ what)

Back 8

base+hydrochloride

Front 9

In the uptake of anesthetic, inflammed tissue is acidic so what does it do to the absorption of anesthetic.( increase/reduce)

Back 9

reduce

Front 10

Local anesthetic is well absorbed through all the following EXCEPT:
-Mucous membranes
-Serosal surfaces
-Respiratory epithelium
-intact skin
-Intramuscular deposition
-Injured skin

Back 10

Absorbed poorly through intact skin

Front 11

In the Classification and function of nerve fibers which fiber includes alpha, beta, gamma and delta

Back 11

Myelinated A-fibers ( also know which ones transmit what actions on ppt)

Front 12

Which nerve fibers are preganglionic sympathetic?

Back 12

Myelinated B-fibers

Front 13

Which nerve fiber transmits Pain, temperature and are Postganglionic sympathetic?

Back 13

Nonmyelinated C-fibers

Front 14

Put the following in order from low to high sensitivity:
Myelinated A delta fibers
Myelinated A alpha fibers
C fibers

Back 14

Aa fibers
A delta fibers
C fibers

Front 15

Sensitivity disappears in what particular order? List them (hint: there are six of them)

Back 15

Pain, cold, warmth, touch, joint, deep pressure

Front 16

T/F Motor function can be maintained after all sensation is lost

Back 16

True

Front 17

What Aminoester is derived from Alkaloid of the leaf ‘ Erythroxylon coca

Back 17

Cocaine

Front 18

What is the standard drug for comparison and the prototype of all local anesthetics?

Back 18

Procaine hydrochloride(Novocaine)

Front 19

What drug is NOT recommended for topical admin. because of poor absorption

Back 19

Procaine hydrochloride(Novocaine)

Front 20

You are performing surgery on the cornea on the eye of a dog, what drug should you use?

Back 20

Tetracaine hydrochloride (Pontocaine)

Front 21

What drug is 10-15x more potent thanProcaine hydrochloride(Novocaine)

Back 21

Tetracaine hydrochloride (Pontocaine

Front 22

What drug Block sodium channel by expansion pressure not by binding

Back 22

Benzocaine

Front 23

What drug may cause methemoglobinemia in cats if used on the larynx of pharynx?

Back 23

Benzocaine also Prilocaine was mentioned but not specifically for cats

Front 24

What drug is used to anesthetize fish?

Back 24

Benzocaine

Front 25

benzocaine+butamben+tetracaine
are used in the prep. of what drug?

Back 25

Cetacaine

Front 26

What is erythema?

Back 26

A skin condition characterized by redness and rash

Front 27

What drug can cause a localized allergy like erythema?

Back 27

Benzocaine

Front 28

What drug is a Most stable compound (resists boiling, acid and alkali and has Superior penetration compared with procaine

Back 28

Lidocaine hydrochloride(Xylocaine, Lignocaine)

Front 29

What drug has Antiarrhythmic and Antishock effects (may produce hypotension in some animals)

Back 29

Lidocaine

Front 30

Antiarrythmic
-Can be infused IV continuously with inhalation anesthesia to augment analgesia
-Antiinflammatory effects
-Prokinetic effect
These are all actions of what drug NOT related to anesthesia

Back 30

Lidocaine

Front 31

What drug Should be avoided in pregnant animals(toxic to infants)

Back 31

Mepivacaine HCl(Carbocaine)

Front 32

What drug is most often used in equine limb block

Back 32

Mepivacaine HCl(Carbocaine)

Front 33

What drug May produce CNS and cardiac toxicity

Back 33

Bupivacaine(Marcaine)

Front 34

What drug causes Causes vasoconstriction at lower than 0.5% and vasodilatation at higher than 1%

Back 34

Ropivcaine(Naropin)

Front 35

List the six topical anesthetics that we've learned:

Back 35

-Butacaine (butya sulphate)
-Tetracaine(pontocaine)
-Piperocaine (metycaine)
-Proparacaine (ophthaine)
-Benzocaine/butamben/tetracaine
(cetacaine)
-EMLA cream(lidocaine and prilocaine mixture

Front 36

sprayed on mucous membrane
-Dropped into the eye
-Infused in the urethra
-Injected in the synovial membrane or pleural
Are all methods of local anesthetic application under what category?

Back 36

surface anesthesia

Front 37

-Diffuse infiltration of operative area
-sensitive tissue (skin, mucous membrane of mouth, nose, rectum, anus)
- Insensitive tissue e.g. fat, muscle, bone, cartilage)
Are all methods of local anesthetic application under what category?

Back 37

Infiltration anesthesia

Front 38

List five uses of infiltration anesthesia

Back 38

Minimize or prevent pain
-Facilitate surgery
-skin incision
-removal of superficial tumors
-wound repair

Front 39

Epidural block
-Spinal anesthesia (subarachnoid space)
Intraarticular anesthesia
Intravenous regional anesthesia
Subsynovial anesthesia
Are all methods of local anesthetic application under what category?

Back 39

Regional (perineural) anesthesia

Front 40

What drug may cause local or systemic allergic reactions

Back 40

Procaine

Front 41

What are five ways to prevent toxicity:

Back 41

Use low volume
-Use low concentration
-Know you anatomy
-Avoid accidental IV injection
-Use vasoconstriction drugs

Front 42

What is one drug used for vasoconstriction?

Back 42

Epinephrine

Front 43

Cardiac arrhythmia
-Ventricular fibrillation
Are side effects of what drug?

Back 43

Epinephrine

Front 44

What Drug(enzyme) used to hasten the time of onset of local anesthetic
-Increases tissue penetration
-Decrease duration of action of anesthetics

Back 44

Hyaluronidase

Front 45

T/F you should always inject an anesthetic in inflamed tissue to get better results

Back 45

FALSE!!!!!