Living Together As Humans

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a collection of 2 or more people who interact frequently, share a sense of belonging and a feeling of interdependence.

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social group

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aggregate

Back 2

a collection of ppl who happen to be in the same place at the same time but have little else in common.

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Category

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a number of ppl who may have never met but share a common characteristic.

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a small group where members engage in face to face, emotion-based interactions for an extended period of time.

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primary group

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a large, more specialized group where members engage in less personal and goal oriented relationships for a limited period of time.

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secondary group

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all social groups set...?.... by distinguishing between insiders and outsiders

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boundaries

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a group to which a person belongs and feels a sense of identity

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ingroup

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a group with which a person doesn't belong and feels a sense of competition and hostility.

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outgroup

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prejudice

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the prejudging of a person or situation without correctly assessing all info.

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when a person acts on a prejudicial thought through actions, speech or written word.

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descrimination

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stereotype

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a simple, inaccurate belief about members of a social group.

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to make unfair assumptions of ppl based on their physical or mental abilities

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ableism

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prejudging someone based on socioeconomic status

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classism

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overt racism

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making a public statement about the inferiority members of a race or ethnic group.

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an attempt to disguise dislike of others through behaviour that is not outwardly prejudicial

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polite racism

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subliminal racism

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involve an unconscious criticism of minorities

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made up of rules/procedures that deliberately prevents minorities from having full and equal involvement in society.

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institutional racism

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refers to practices/rules of social institutions that have the unintended consequence of excluding minorities.

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systematic racism

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an enduring cultural structure that meets the fundamental needs of society and maintains social control

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social institution

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5 fundamental needs that a society must develop to survive

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-replace members, socialization of new members, prod. & distr. goods and services, have a sense of purpose, maintain order and stability.

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personal social institutions

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-2 way communication
-emotional ties & relationships
-mems. play variety of roles

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impersonal social institutions

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-communication is restricted
-authority figure
-governed by formal rules/procedures

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examples of social institutions:

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-family, school, church, gov't, media, military, marriage, law enforcement

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macro level analysis of soc. institutions

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-examines whole societites
-focuses on large scale structures/ systems

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micro level analysis of soc. institutions

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-focuses on small groups
-examine peoples day to day interactions & behaviour in groups

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which schools of thought fit into macro level analysis?

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-functionalist, conflict, post modernist

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which school of thought fits into micro analysis?

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-feminist and symbolic

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a tendency for people to change their own behaviour or opinions to be similar to those of another person or group

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-conformity

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the methods by which social groups try to ensure conformity

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-prisons, laws, folkways, mores, norms

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informal social controls

ex: ?

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everyday expectations

-stares, ridicule, threats

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used when actions violate important social values + threaten soc. order and well-being

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formal soc. controls

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ex of formal social controls

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rules, prisons, psychiatric hospitals

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deviance

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behaviour that varies from social norm

rule breaking

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the way different sub cultural groups develop norms or behaviour that may be at odds with those of society as a whole

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situational deviance

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example of situational deviance

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polygamy

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theory based on the idea that people in society will conform to the norms, rules we are expected to follow

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consensus theory

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theory that deviance occurs when a person has not been able to fit into an expected role in society where they can achieve the things they desire

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consensus theory

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these theorists believe that society needs rules and a means to punish ppl for deviant acts, otherwise society would be chaotic.

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consensus theory

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theorist say that it is the privileged groups in society that determine who is deviant.

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conflict theory

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conditions when ppl are likely to conform:

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-same background
-group has popularity
-group is attractive
-group is an expert
-group is able to offer rewards/punishment