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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When are induced liver enzymes detected?
Examples? |
After several days, b/c they require production.
Examples: ALP, GGT |
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When can leakage enzymes be detected?
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Within hours of hepatocyte damage, because they're already present in cytosol.
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Name 4 leakage enzymes used to detect hepatocyte injury, and for which species.
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1. ALT: small animals (LiTtle livers)
2. AST: small & large 3. SDH: large animals 4. GDH: both, but better in large |
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Significance of increased ALT:
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LIVER specific (LiTle livers), can also increase in animals with severe muscle damage.
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Significance of increased AST:
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AST: present in hepatocytes & muscle cells, use CK to distinguish.
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Significance of increased SDH:
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SDH: Liver specific in large animals
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Significance of increased ALP:
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Bone: us young, normal (or hyperPTH)
Liver: marked inc d/t CHOLESTASIS Drugs: steroids Neoplasia: negative Px indicator in Osteosarcoma note* mild increases are significant in cats |
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Significance of increased GGT?
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Good indicator of CHOLESTASIS.
K9: can be inc d/t steroids or anticonvulsants Lg animal: increased in neonates d/t high levels in colostrum |
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What are 3 causes of increased serum bilirubin?
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1. increased Hgb production d/t RBC destruction
2. Dec uptake/conjugation by hepatocytes 3. Disruption of bile flow |
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What is the connection between Bilirubin and starvation?
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In large animals can see increase BILI in serum d/t FFA release & competition w/ binding at hepatocytes.
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What are 3 mechanisms of increase in bile acid concentration?
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1. Deviation of portal circulation: shunts/cirrhosis.
2. Decreased hepatocyte uptake d/t liver dz. 3. Decreased BA excretion d/t cholestasis. |
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What is an indication for performing a bile acid assay?
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If liver disease is suspected, but GGT &/or ALP are NORMAL (if abN you already know BAs will test +) OR if liver enzymes are ABnormal but bilirubin is NORMAL.
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Which substances change in serum with liver failure? (#6)
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Albumin: dec d/t dec production
Globulin: inc d/t dec clearance Glucose: dec d/t dec production OR inc d/t dec hepatic uptake Urea: dec conversion Cholesterol: inc d/t cholestasis Coagulation factors: dec d/t dec synthesis (increased OSPT, APTT) |
