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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is Glisson's capsule?
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Dense irregular CT capsule of liver
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Hilum of liver is known as?
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Porta hepatis
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What does a "Classical" liver lobule consist of? (3)
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1. Central vein
2. Portal areas -Portal vein -Hepatic artery -Bile ductule 3. Hepatocytes 4. Sinuosoids |
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What makes up a portal area (triad)?
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1. Portal vein
2. Hepatic artery 3. BIle ductule |
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What makes up a portal liver lobule?
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Pattern of bile flow to interlobular bile ducts
-Center= portal area (triad) -Periphery= imaginalry line that connects 3 central veins |
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What is the hepatic acinus?
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Based on blood flow from distributing arteries
-Divided into 2 zones of decreasing oxygenation |
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What does hepatic acinus indicate?
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Order in which hepatocytes degenerate due to toxicity/hypoxia
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Hepatic acinus is made up of?
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Area between 2 classical lobules (from central vein --> central vein)`
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Which zone is the most oxygenated?
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Zone 1 (closer to arterial blood flow)
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Which zone is the least oxygenated & therefore more likely to suffer damage from hypoxia or toxins?
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Zone 3 (near central veins)
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Where are Kupffer cells found?
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Sinusoids of liver
(Macrophage-like phagocytes) |
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What separates the sinusoids from hepatocytes?
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Space of DIsse
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What is found in the Space of Disse?
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hepatic stellate cells (Ito cells)-- contain Vit A & fat droplets
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Large-diameter fenestrated vessels lined by endothelium & surrounded by plates of hepatocytes
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Sinuosoids
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Hepatocytes have how many domains?
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2 Domains:
1. Lateral domains 2. Sinuosoidal domains |
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Lateral domains of hepatocytes contain? (3)
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Lateral Domains
1. For bile caniliculi 2. Microvilli increase SA for secretion 3. Rich in Na/K pump & AC |
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Sinusoidal domains of hepatocytes contain? (3)
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1. Microvilli in space of Disse
2. Release endocrine secretions 3. Exchange between blood & hepatocyte |
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What are the roles of liver?
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1. Manufacture bile
2. Metabolism of organic substrates 3. Vitamin storage: A, D, B12 4. Degradation of hormones by lysosomal enzymes 5. Degredation of drugs & toxins (SER) 6. Immune |
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Where in hepatocytes is bile formed?
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SER of hepatocytes
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Bile contains? (6)
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1. H2O
2. Bile salts 3. Phospholipids 4. Cholesterol 5. Bile pigments 6. IgA |
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Which globulins are not manufactured by hepatocytes?
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Gamma globulins
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What immune functions does liver have?
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1. Release IgA into bile
2. Kupffer cells phagocytose foreign particulate matter |
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What are the anatomical regions of the pancreas? (4)
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1. Unicinate process
2. head 3. Body 4. Tail |
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Projection of lower part of head of pancreas to left side behind superior mesenteric vessels
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Unicinate process
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What is the functional unit of the exocrine pancreas?
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Pancreatic acinus
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What cell types are present in the pancreatic acinus?
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1. Acinar cells
2. Centroacinar cells |
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What shape are pancreatic acinar cells?
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Pyramidal shape-- sit on basal lamina
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Basal membrane of pancreatic acinar cells have receptors for?
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Cholecystokini
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Pancreatic acinar cells are stimulated by ____ to produce HCO3-
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Acinar cells:
Stimulated by - SECRETIN Produce - HCO3- |
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Pancreatic acinar cells are stimulated by ______ to secrete proenzymes
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Acinar cells:
Stimulated by- CHOLECYSTOKININ Produce - Proenzymes |
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What stimulates pancreatic acinar & centroacinar cells?
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parasympathetics
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What are the pancreatic enzymes? (4)
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1. Pancreatic amylase
2. Pancreatic lipase 3. Ribonuclease/DNase 4. Tripsinogen, chymotripsinogen, procarboxypeptidase, elastase |
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Pancreatic centroacinar cells have receptors for?
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Secretin
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What forms the intra-acinar portion of intercalated ducts of exocrine pancreas?
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Centroacinar cells
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What type of ducts are present in the exocrine pancreas? (4)
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1. Intercalated ducts
2. Intralobular ducts 3. Interlobular ducts 4. Main pancreatic duct |
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Which type of ducts begin in acina & are located between pancreatic acini?
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Intercalated ducts
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Intercalated ducts of exocrine pancreas are composed of what type of epithelium?
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Simple cuboidal epithelium
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What type of epithelium makes up the interlobular & main pancreatic duct of exocrine pancreas?
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SImple columnar epithelium w/ goblet cells
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Islets of Langerhans are most abundant in which part of pancreas?
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Tail region of pancreas
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What do beta-cells produce?
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Insulin
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What do pancreatic alpha-cells produce?
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Glucagon
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What do pancreatic delta-cells produce?
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Somatostatin
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Pancreatic G-cells produce?
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Gastrin
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Pancreatic PP-cells produce?
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Pancreatic polypeptide
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Somatostatin inhibits the release of?
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Somatostatin inhibits release of:
Insulin by beta-cells Glucagon by alpha-cells |
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When is somatostatin released?
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Due to increases in blood glucose, AA or chylomicrons
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What effect does somatostatin have on motility of smooth muscle in GI tract?
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Somatostatin --> reduces motility of smooth muscle in GI tract
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Gastrin stimulates? (3)
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1. Gastric release of HCl by parietal cells
2. Gastric motility & emptying 3. Cell division of gastric regenerative cells |
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What pancreatic hormone inhibits the exocrine secretions of the pancreas?
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Pancreatic polypeptide
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