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49 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is Glisson's capsule?
Dense irregular CT capsule of liver
Hilum of liver is known as?
Porta hepatis
What does a "Classical" liver lobule consist of? (3)
1. Central vein
2. Portal areas
-Portal vein
-Hepatic artery
-Bile ductule
3. Hepatocytes
4. Sinuosoids
What makes up a portal area (triad)?
1. Portal vein
2. Hepatic artery
3. BIle ductule
What makes up a portal liver lobule?
Pattern of bile flow to interlobular bile ducts
-Center= portal area (triad)
-Periphery= imaginalry line that connects 3 central veins
What is the hepatic acinus?
Based on blood flow from distributing arteries
-Divided into 2 zones of decreasing oxygenation
What does hepatic acinus indicate?
Order in which hepatocytes degenerate due to toxicity/hypoxia
Hepatic acinus is made up of?
Area between 2 classical lobules (from central vein --> central vein)`
Which zone is the most oxygenated?
Zone 1 (closer to arterial blood flow)
Which zone is the least oxygenated & therefore more likely to suffer damage from hypoxia or toxins?
Zone 3 (near central veins)
Where are Kupffer cells found?
Sinusoids of liver
(Macrophage-like phagocytes)
What separates the sinusoids from hepatocytes?
Space of DIsse
What is found in the Space of Disse?
hepatic stellate cells (Ito cells)-- contain Vit A & fat droplets
Large-diameter fenestrated vessels lined by endothelium & surrounded by plates of hepatocytes
Sinuosoids
Hepatocytes have how many domains?
2 Domains:
1. Lateral domains
2. Sinuosoidal domains
Lateral domains of hepatocytes contain? (3)
Lateral Domains
1. For bile caniliculi
2. Microvilli increase SA for secretion
3. Rich in Na/K pump & AC
Sinusoidal domains of hepatocytes contain? (3)
1. Microvilli in space of Disse
2. Release endocrine secretions
3. Exchange between blood & hepatocyte
What are the roles of liver?
1. Manufacture bile
2. Metabolism of organic substrates
3. Vitamin storage: A, D, B12
4. Degradation of hormones by lysosomal enzymes
5. Degredation of drugs & toxins (SER)
6. Immune
Where in hepatocytes is bile formed?
SER of hepatocytes
Bile contains? (6)
1. H2O
2. Bile salts
3. Phospholipids
4. Cholesterol
5. Bile pigments
6. IgA
Which globulins are not manufactured by hepatocytes?
Gamma globulins
What immune functions does liver have?
1. Release IgA into bile
2. Kupffer cells phagocytose foreign particulate matter
What are the anatomical regions of the pancreas? (4)
1. Unicinate process
2. head
3. Body
4. Tail
Projection of lower part of head of pancreas to left side behind superior mesenteric vessels
Unicinate process
What is the functional unit of the exocrine pancreas?
Pancreatic acinus
What cell types are present in the pancreatic acinus?
1. Acinar cells
2. Centroacinar cells
What shape are pancreatic acinar cells?
Pyramidal shape-- sit on basal lamina
Basal membrane of pancreatic acinar cells have receptors for?
Cholecystokini
Pancreatic acinar cells are stimulated by ____ to produce HCO3-
Acinar cells:
Stimulated by - SECRETIN
Produce - HCO3-
Pancreatic acinar cells are stimulated by ______ to secrete proenzymes
Acinar cells:
Stimulated by- CHOLECYSTOKININ
Produce - Proenzymes
What stimulates pancreatic acinar & centroacinar cells?
parasympathetics
What are the pancreatic enzymes? (4)
1. Pancreatic amylase
2. Pancreatic lipase
3. Ribonuclease/DNase
4. Tripsinogen, chymotripsinogen, procarboxypeptidase, elastase
Pancreatic centroacinar cells have receptors for?
Secretin
What forms the intra-acinar portion of intercalated ducts of exocrine pancreas?
Centroacinar cells
What type of ducts are present in the exocrine pancreas? (4)
1. Intercalated ducts
2. Intralobular ducts
3. Interlobular ducts
4. Main pancreatic duct
Which type of ducts begin in acina & are located between pancreatic acini?
Intercalated ducts
Intercalated ducts of exocrine pancreas are composed of what type of epithelium?
Simple cuboidal epithelium
What type of epithelium makes up the interlobular & main pancreatic duct of exocrine pancreas?
SImple columnar epithelium w/ goblet cells
Islets of Langerhans are most abundant in which part of pancreas?
Tail region of pancreas
What do beta-cells produce?
Insulin
What do pancreatic alpha-cells produce?
Glucagon
What do pancreatic delta-cells produce?
Somatostatin
Pancreatic G-cells produce?
Gastrin
Pancreatic PP-cells produce?
Pancreatic polypeptide
Somatostatin inhibits the release of?
Somatostatin inhibits release of:
Insulin by beta-cells
Glucagon by alpha-cells
When is somatostatin released?
Due to increases in blood glucose, AA or chylomicrons
What effect does somatostatin have on motility of smooth muscle in GI tract?
Somatostatin --> reduces motility of smooth muscle in GI tract
Gastrin stimulates? (3)
1. Gastric release of HCl by parietal cells
2. Gastric motility & emptying
3. Cell division of gastric regenerative cells
What pancreatic hormone inhibits the exocrine secretions of the pancreas?
Pancreatic polypeptide