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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ascites |
collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity |
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abdominal paracentesis |
up to 6-8 L over 60-90 min., total of 15 L over a longer period
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ascites tx
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IV albumin, monitor BP and urine output, diuretic therapy (spironolactone), sodium restriction,
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hepatic encephalopathy
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liver fails to convert ammonia to urea, incresed ammonia levels crosses blood/brain barrier
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hepatic encephalopathy indications CNS effects |
disorientation, confusion, personality changes, asterixis, pos. Babinski, fetor hepaticus, lethargy, deep coma |
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hepatic encephalopathy treatment |
eliminating diatary protein, removing protein (GI hemmorage) depleating GI microbes with drugs, laxatives, enemas, lactulose; levadopa |
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Hepatitis A mode |
oral feacl route |
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Hepatitis B mode
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infected blood or plasma, needles, sex,
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Hepatitis C mode
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Infected blood, sex
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Toxic hepatitis
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Develops when certain chemicals toxic to the liver
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Drug-induced hepatitis
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Examples of drugs that can cause a severe reaction include antidepressants, or anticonvulsants, high dose corticosteroids
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Stages if hepatitis infection
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Incubation, preicteric or prodromial, icteric, post icteric
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Incubation
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Replication, transmittion
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Preicteric
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Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, fever, malaise, arthralgia, headache, RUQ discomfort, liver spleen and lymph node enlargement, weight loss, rash, urticaria
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Ucteric
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Jaundice, puritis, clay colored stools, dark urine, some s/s of preicteric
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Post icteric
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Liver enlargement, malaise, fatigue, other s/s subside, liver function tests return to normal
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Cholestasis
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Ineffective bile drainage
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Prolonged PT or PTT, low blood glucose, serum albumin
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Poor synthetic liver function
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Liver tumors obstruct
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Bile flow, leading to jaundice, liver failure, portal HTN and ascites
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Hepatitis D
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Same as B, occurs as duel infection
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Stages of hepatitis infection
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Incubation, preicteric or prodromial, icteric, post icteric
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IV chemotherapy
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Doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) "red devil"
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Tumor family teaching
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Diet, rest, avoid lifting, meds as rx, weekly weights, notify if increased ab size, s/s of GI bleed, jaundice, edema, mental status
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Icteric
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Jaundice, puritis, clay colored stools, dark urine, some s/s of preicteric
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Risk for deficient fluid volume
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r/t hemorrhage from surgical site and fluid loss from drainage, tubes, or both
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Hyperthermia
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r/t infection, rejection or both
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Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements
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r/t anorexia, impaired use of proteins and carbs, and nausea, vomiting, and sluggish peristalsis
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Monitor serum and urine osmolality, serum sodium, BUN, creat and hematocrit levels
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Decreased intravascular volume will elevate these fluid volume levels
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Fluid balance is evidenced by
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Moist mucous membranes, good turgor, I&O of 2400/2300, BP 136/88, 60-98 bpm, <101*
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Hepatitis E mode
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Fecal oral route, poor countries, poor sanitation
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Hepatitis G mode
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Infected blood
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Hepatitis A outcome
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Mild with full recovery, fatality <1%
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Hepatitis B outcome
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May be severe, fatality rate 1-10%, carrier state possible, increased risk of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hepatic cancer
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Hepatitis C outcome
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Frequent occurrence of chronic carrier state and chronic liver disease, increased risk of hepatic cancer
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Hepatitis E s/s
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Severe in pregnant women
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Hepatitis G outcome
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Persistent infection , does not affect course or cause chronic liver disease
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Autoimmune hepatitis
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Abnormal immune response, tx with corticosteroids and immune-modulating agents (azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine)
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