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87 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
The liver is an ____ organ.
intraperitoneal
What 3 areas in the liver are not intraperitoneal?
GB fossa, porta hepatis, and the bare area
What is the liver covered with?
the fibrous Glisson's capsule
What is the TRV length (widest) of the liver?
20 - 22.5 cm
What 3 types of cells is the liver composed of?
liver cells (hepatocytes), bile duct cells, and vascular cells
Hepatocytes are arranged into ____.
lobules.
The ____ are the functional unit of the liver.
lobules
Lobules are partially lined by ____ ____.
Kupffer cells
What are Kupffer cells?
Phagocytes that remove foreign matter
What does the venous circulation of the liver consist of?
Blood flows thru portal triad, into lobules, thru the sinusoids, to the hepatic veins
Oxgenated blood is brought to the liver by the ____ arteries.
hepatic
Traditional lobar anatomy subdivides the liver into ____ ____.
three lobes
What are the 3 lobes of the liver?
right lobe, left lobe, and caudate lobe
The caudate lobe is positioned _____.
posterior-superior
What are the 3 fossae of the right lobe of the liver?
porta hepatic, GB, and IVC
Where are the fossa located?
posterior and visceral surface
The RLL is anatomically separated from the left lobe by the:
falciform ligament
Where does the falciform ligament extend from?
from the umbilicus to the diaphragm
The falciform ligament connects the liver to the anterior abdominal wall & contains the ____ ____.
ligamentum teres
The ____ ____ is a remnant of the fetal umbilical vein.
ligamentum teres
What is another name for the ligamentum teres?
round ligament
The ligamentum teres divides the ____ lobe into ____ & ____ segments.
left, medial & lateral
True or False. The longer the RLL the less interference of bowel gas
True
The space between the liver & kidney is known as the ____ ____.
morrison's pouch
The tounge-like extension of the right lobe is known as ____ ____.
reidel's lobe
What is the ductus venosus?
a vascular structure w/in the fetal liver that connects the umbilical v. to the IVC & allows O2 bld to bypass the liver & go to heart
The ____ ____ is a remnant of the ductus venosus.
ligamentum venosum
The caudate lobe lies ____ to the ligamentum venosum.
posterior
The ____ ____ is the hyperechoic line seen separating the caudate lobe from the left lobe.
ligamentum venosum
Functional lobar anatomy uses liver segments separated by the ____ & ____ veins.
portal & hepatic veins
Hepatic veins course between lobes, ____ & between segments, ____.
interlobar, intersegmental
Portal veins are _____ & course w/in segments, except for the ___.
intralobar, LPV
With functional anatomy, the RLL is separated from the left by the ____ ____ ____.
main lobar fissure
The RLL is subdivided into anterior & posterior segments by the ____ ____ ____.
right intersegmental fissure
The ____ ____ ____ runs thru the right intersegmental fissure.
right hepatic vein
The ____ ____ ____ also divides the RLL into anterior & posterior segments.
right portal vein
The ____ ____ ____ separates the RLL superiorly from the medial left lobe.
middle hepatic vein
The ____ ____ ____ divides the LLL into medial & lateral segments.
left hepatic veins
The ____ lobe is located posterior to the porta hepatis.
caudate lobe
The portal venous system carries blood from ____ to the ____.
bowel, liver
The hepatic arteries carry blood from ____ to ____.
aorta, liver
What is the main portal vein formed by?
the confluence of the splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein
The RPV is ____, & more ____, and ____ than the left.
larger, more posterior, and more caudal
The RPV branches into ____ & ____ divisions.
anterior & posterior
Hepatopetal flow is ____ the liver.
towards
Hepatofugal flow is ____ the liver & is ____.
away from, abnormal
The hepatic veins drain towards the ____ ____.
right atrium
The hepatic veins ____ in diameter towards the diaphragm.
increase
The portal veins have ____ ____, but the hepatic veins do not.
bright walls
Which hepatic vein is the largest?
the right hepatic vein
What makes up the portal triad (mickey mouse sign)?
portal vein, hepatic artery, and common duct
What is the hepatic artery a branch of?
the celiac axis
The ____ ____ supplies 70-75% of the bld to the liver.
portal veins
The hepatic arteries supply ____% of the bld to the liver.
25-30%
The hepatic artery is ____ to the portal vein.
anterior
The hepatic artery is ____ to the CBD.
adjacent
The GDA arises from the ____ ____ ____.
common hepatic artery
What are the 4 hepatic arteries?
common, proper, right & left
The hepatic artery & portal vein empty into the same ____.
sinusoid
What happens since the hepatic artery & portal vein empty into the same sinusoid?
There is a mixture of arterial and venous blood
The central vein of each lobule drains into a ____ ____.
hepatic vein
The anatomy of the liver that is divided into 8 segments is known as:
Couinaud's anatomy
Portal blood flow is _____.
hepatopetal
Portal vein caliber ____ as it course thru the liver.
decreases
Portal veins have ____ pulsation when evaluated with doppler.
little (or no)
What 4 structures is the liver connected to?
anterior abdominal wall, diaphragm, retroperitoneum, and lesser curvature
What are the 7 ligaments of the liver?
coronary, falciform, gastrohepatic, hepatoduodenal, round, right triangular, and left triangular
What are the 4 fissures of the liver?
main lobar, right intersegmental, left intersegmental, and fissure for ligamentum venosum
What are 4 variants of the liver?
reidel's lobe,situs inversus, diaphragmatic indentations, polysplenia
What are the 7 main functions of the liver?
formation of bile, activity of reticuloendothelial tissues, metabolism, storage, blood reservoir, heat production & detoxification
The liver secretes ____ liters of bile a day.
1 - 2
This enzyme is found in the liver, musclesm and tissues w/ high metabolic rates:
AST
Increases of AST are associated with:
acute hepatitis, cirrhosis, necrosis, injury, fatty liver, and metastases
What is the enzyme produced in hepatocytes called?
ALT
What is ALP (alkaline phosphatase) produced in?
bile ducts, kidneys, bones, intestines, placenta
An increase of ALP in non-pregnant adults signals what 2 things?
bone or liver abnormalities
If AST & ALT are normal and there is an increase in ALP than that indicates:
disease of bile ducts
The primary use of myocardial & pulmonary infarction is ____.
LDH (lactic acid dehydrogenase)
The product of breakdown of old RBC's is ____.
bilirubin
What are the 3 types of bilirubin tests?
direct (conjugated), indirect (unconjugated), and total
Direct (conjugated) bilirubin increases with what 2 things?
biliary tract obstruction & hepatocellular disease
Indirect (unconjugated) bilirubin increases with what 2 things?
increased RBC hemolysis, and hepatocellular disease
Elevated bilirubin levels can lead to ____.
jaundice
An antigen found in the human fetus & in certain pathological conditions in the adult is:
alpha feta protein
AFP is found in over 50% of patients with ____ or ____.
hepatomas or hepatoblastoma
What type of MHz transducer should be used for liver exam?
3.5 - 4.0 MHz
The liver is _____ or _____ to the renal parenchyma.
isoechoic or hyperechoic