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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The liver is an ____ organ.
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intraperitoneal
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What 3 areas in the liver are not intraperitoneal?
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GB fossa, porta hepatis, and the bare area
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What is the liver covered with?
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the fibrous Glisson's capsule
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What is the TRV length (widest) of the liver?
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20 - 22.5 cm
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What 3 types of cells is the liver composed of?
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liver cells (hepatocytes), bile duct cells, and vascular cells
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Hepatocytes are arranged into ____.
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lobules.
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The ____ are the functional unit of the liver.
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lobules
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Lobules are partially lined by ____ ____.
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Kupffer cells
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What are Kupffer cells?
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Phagocytes that remove foreign matter
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What does the venous circulation of the liver consist of?
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Blood flows thru portal triad, into lobules, thru the sinusoids, to the hepatic veins
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Oxgenated blood is brought to the liver by the ____ arteries.
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hepatic
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Traditional lobar anatomy subdivides the liver into ____ ____.
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three lobes
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What are the 3 lobes of the liver?
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right lobe, left lobe, and caudate lobe
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The caudate lobe is positioned _____.
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posterior-superior
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What are the 3 fossae of the right lobe of the liver?
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porta hepatic, GB, and IVC
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Where are the fossa located?
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posterior and visceral surface
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The RLL is anatomically separated from the left lobe by the:
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falciform ligament
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Where does the falciform ligament extend from?
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from the umbilicus to the diaphragm
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The falciform ligament connects the liver to the anterior abdominal wall & contains the ____ ____.
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ligamentum teres
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The ____ ____ is a remnant of the fetal umbilical vein.
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ligamentum teres
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What is another name for the ligamentum teres?
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round ligament
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The ligamentum teres divides the ____ lobe into ____ & ____ segments.
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left, medial & lateral
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True or False. The longer the RLL the less interference of bowel gas
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True
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The space between the liver & kidney is known as the ____ ____.
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morrison's pouch
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The tounge-like extension of the right lobe is known as ____ ____.
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reidel's lobe
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What is the ductus venosus?
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a vascular structure w/in the fetal liver that connects the umbilical v. to the IVC & allows O2 bld to bypass the liver & go to heart
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The ____ ____ is a remnant of the ductus venosus.
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ligamentum venosum
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The caudate lobe lies ____ to the ligamentum venosum.
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posterior
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The ____ ____ is the hyperechoic line seen separating the caudate lobe from the left lobe.
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ligamentum venosum
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Functional lobar anatomy uses liver segments separated by the ____ & ____ veins.
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portal & hepatic veins
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Hepatic veins course between lobes, ____ & between segments, ____.
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interlobar, intersegmental
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Portal veins are _____ & course w/in segments, except for the ___.
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intralobar, LPV
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With functional anatomy, the RLL is separated from the left by the ____ ____ ____.
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main lobar fissure
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The RLL is subdivided into anterior & posterior segments by the ____ ____ ____.
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right intersegmental fissure
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The ____ ____ ____ runs thru the right intersegmental fissure.
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right hepatic vein
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The ____ ____ ____ also divides the RLL into anterior & posterior segments.
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right portal vein
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The ____ ____ ____ separates the RLL superiorly from the medial left lobe.
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middle hepatic vein
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The ____ ____ ____ divides the LLL into medial & lateral segments.
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left hepatic veins
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The ____ lobe is located posterior to the porta hepatis.
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caudate lobe
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The portal venous system carries blood from ____ to the ____.
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bowel, liver
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The hepatic arteries carry blood from ____ to ____.
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aorta, liver
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What is the main portal vein formed by?
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the confluence of the splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein
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The RPV is ____, & more ____, and ____ than the left.
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larger, more posterior, and more caudal
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The RPV branches into ____ & ____ divisions.
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anterior & posterior
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Hepatopetal flow is ____ the liver.
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towards
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Hepatofugal flow is ____ the liver & is ____.
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away from, abnormal
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The hepatic veins drain towards the ____ ____.
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right atrium
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The hepatic veins ____ in diameter towards the diaphragm.
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increase
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The portal veins have ____ ____, but the hepatic veins do not.
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bright walls
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Which hepatic vein is the largest?
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the right hepatic vein
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What makes up the portal triad (mickey mouse sign)?
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portal vein, hepatic artery, and common duct
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What is the hepatic artery a branch of?
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the celiac axis
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The ____ ____ supplies 70-75% of the bld to the liver.
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portal veins
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The hepatic arteries supply ____% of the bld to the liver.
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25-30%
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The hepatic artery is ____ to the portal vein.
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anterior
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The hepatic artery is ____ to the CBD.
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adjacent
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The GDA arises from the ____ ____ ____.
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common hepatic artery
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What are the 4 hepatic arteries?
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common, proper, right & left
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The hepatic artery & portal vein empty into the same ____.
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sinusoid
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What happens since the hepatic artery & portal vein empty into the same sinusoid?
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There is a mixture of arterial and venous blood
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The central vein of each lobule drains into a ____ ____.
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hepatic vein
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The anatomy of the liver that is divided into 8 segments is known as:
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Couinaud's anatomy
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Portal blood flow is _____.
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hepatopetal
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Portal vein caliber ____ as it course thru the liver.
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decreases
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Portal veins have ____ pulsation when evaluated with doppler.
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little (or no)
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What 4 structures is the liver connected to?
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anterior abdominal wall, diaphragm, retroperitoneum, and lesser curvature
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What are the 7 ligaments of the liver?
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coronary, falciform, gastrohepatic, hepatoduodenal, round, right triangular, and left triangular
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What are the 4 fissures of the liver?
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main lobar, right intersegmental, left intersegmental, and fissure for ligamentum venosum
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What are 4 variants of the liver?
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reidel's lobe,situs inversus, diaphragmatic indentations, polysplenia
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What are the 7 main functions of the liver?
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formation of bile, activity of reticuloendothelial tissues, metabolism, storage, blood reservoir, heat production & detoxification
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The liver secretes ____ liters of bile a day.
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1 - 2
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This enzyme is found in the liver, musclesm and tissues w/ high metabolic rates:
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AST
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Increases of AST are associated with:
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acute hepatitis, cirrhosis, necrosis, injury, fatty liver, and metastases
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What is the enzyme produced in hepatocytes called?
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ALT
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What is ALP (alkaline phosphatase) produced in?
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bile ducts, kidneys, bones, intestines, placenta
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An increase of ALP in non-pregnant adults signals what 2 things?
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bone or liver abnormalities
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If AST & ALT are normal and there is an increase in ALP than that indicates:
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disease of bile ducts
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The primary use of myocardial & pulmonary infarction is ____.
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LDH (lactic acid dehydrogenase)
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The product of breakdown of old RBC's is ____.
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bilirubin
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What are the 3 types of bilirubin tests?
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direct (conjugated), indirect (unconjugated), and total
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Direct (conjugated) bilirubin increases with what 2 things?
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biliary tract obstruction & hepatocellular disease
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Indirect (unconjugated) bilirubin increases with what 2 things?
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increased RBC hemolysis, and hepatocellular disease
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Elevated bilirubin levels can lead to ____.
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jaundice
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An antigen found in the human fetus & in certain pathological conditions in the adult is:
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alpha feta protein
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AFP is found in over 50% of patients with ____ or ____.
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hepatomas or hepatoblastoma
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What type of MHz transducer should be used for liver exam?
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3.5 - 4.0 MHz
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The liver is _____ or _____ to the renal parenchyma.
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isoechoic or hyperechoic
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