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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Voice coil
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Flat cable wrapped around the former
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Former
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Chemically treated paper to make it heat resistant
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Magnet
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Donut shaped fitted top & bottom with 2 steel plates
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Pull piece
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Steel rod inserted in the donut hole of the magnet
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The gap
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The space between the magnet and the pull piece. Home of the voice coil.
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Dome
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Dust cover over the gap
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Spider
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Attaches the voice coil to the cone & to the dome. Also allows the voice coil easy suspension inside the gap
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The basket
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The actual physical shape of the driver
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Cone
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Attaches to the basket
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The stationary magnetic field
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Is the result of the magnet surrounding the voice coil
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The secondary field
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Is the result of the amplifier output through the voice coil
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What is the actual transduction the result of?
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The actual trAnsduction on a loud speaker is the result of the interaction between the stationary & secondary magnet fields
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What is dynamic range
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The difference between in dB between the noise floor & the system maximum output before distortion (belongs to the system)
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Headroom
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(belongs to the engineer) difference between the softest & the loudest in the mix before distortion
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White noise
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Every freq has = energy at the peak per freq, the electrons moving (current), 3dB of increasing if energy for octave
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Pink noise
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Filtered white noise, 3dB roll off filter (pink filter) on every octave. Has = energy per noise
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Popcorn noise
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The dust & debri in connectors
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Harmonic distortion
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In a Weak passive system is due to excessive eq
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In the port what will length and diameter do?
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•to enhance the low end frequency the diameter will determine which frequency will be allowed to escape depending on the wavelength of the freq.
•the length will + time delay to avoid freq. cancellation |
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2 important things about the enclosure.
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1) to stop resonating freq. from behind the driver to escape to the front causing cancellation
2)to stop the natural elements (ie wind) from pushing against the voice coil into extra movement w/o sound ( distortion) |
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Where an how much should you set the delay so that you can feed the exact same thing to the front and back of huge crowds?
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1.01ft = 1milisecond of delay at the crossover. To delay the front half so that it stays in time w the back half
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4 speaker specifications
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1) frequency response
2) power handling 3) sensitivity 4) impedance |
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Frequency response
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Any components ability to produce an output signal with the same frequency range as the input signal
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5 ways to test power handling
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1) Continuous rating
2) program rating 3) peak rating 4)sensitivity 5) impeadance |
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State of tolerance
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Amp or speakers ability to produce the intended frequency response with in a margin of error
-for the amp it's always +\- 1dB -the speaker it's always +\- 3dB |
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Continuos rating
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Low level signal to the speaker for a long time to determine how well te voice coil can handle the heat
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Program rating
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Represents the actual show including the moments of silence
*used to match the power to the amplifier |
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Peak rating
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Very loud signal yo the speaker for no more then 1/10 of a second just to determine if te voice can take the abuse or not
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Sensitivity handling
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1) 1watt of signal @ 1 meter
2) 1 watt of signal @4th 3) 1 milliwatt @ 30ft |
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Impeadance
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The total opposition to the flow of electrons in an AC circuit
*impeadance = resistance+reactants ( frequency dependent) |
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3 types of impeadance
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1) source impeadance
2) load impeadance 3) nominal impeadance |
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Source impeadance
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That of the amp
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Load impeadance
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That of the speaker
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Nominal impeadance
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The lowest amount of impeadance the speaker presents to the amp
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What happens if you cut the impeadance in half?
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The power will double
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Znet
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Total amount of impeadance
Znet= the amount of ohms divided by the amount of speakers |
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Ohms law describes the relationships between what 4 elements?
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1) pressure - voltage -volts (ac=V,dc=E)
2) flow of current- current- amps- I 3) work done- power- watts-P 4) restriction to current- resistance/impedance - ohms (ac=z,dc=R) |
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Pressure
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I=v/z , an increase in voltage will result in an increase of current and decrease in impedance
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Power
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P=I•V or p= v2/z
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What happens to the impedance when the power doubles?
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Loose 1/2 of the impedance
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What happens when you double the impedance?
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Loose 1/2 the power
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Slope
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The rate at which the frequency to its own driver starts to fall from the cut off
• measured in how fast per octave (pro24 semipro18 com12or6) |
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Insertion loss
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The loss of no more of 1dB of signal due to the heat of fundamental electrical components
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Difference between achieve and passive cross over
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Active= pre amp works on very low level *no insrtion loss adjustable
Passive=post has insertion loss not adjustable |
