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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What century was the Puritan time period?
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1600s
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What century was the Revolutionary era?
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1700s
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When was the Romanticism era?
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1800s-1846
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When was the Transcendentalism era?
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mid 1800s
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When was the Realism era?
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1850s-1890s
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When was the Modernism era?
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1900s-1960s/1970s
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What were the basic Puritan beliefs?
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1. Total Depravity (original sin)
2. Unconditional Election (predestination) 3. Limited Atonement (Jesus only died for the chosen, not everyone) 4. Irresistible Grace (grace can't be earned/denied) 5. Perserverance of the Saints (those chosen by god can interpret his will and live good lives) |
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What was the function of Puritan writers?
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1. To transform a mysterious god
2. To make god more relevant 3. To glorify god |
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Describe the style of Puritan writing.
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1. Protestant (against ornateness)
2. Purposeful (all writing had a purpose) 3. Well-grounded in religion |
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Common Themes in Puritan Writing
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1. Idealism
2. Pragmaticism |
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What were common beliefs of the Revolutionary Period?
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1. Faith in natural goodness (humans born pure)
2. Perfectibility of Humans (all situations can be improved) 3. Sovereignty of Reason ("I think therefore I am") 4. Universal Benevolence (help everyone) 5. Social institutions should be modernized |
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Functions of Revolutionary Writers
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1. Interest in classics and Bible
2. Interest in nature 3. Interest in science or scientific experiments 4. Optimism 5. Sense of person's duty to succeed 6. Constant search for self; emphasis on individualism |
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What did the Deists believe?
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God created the unvierse and then disassociated himself from his creation. He can't be accessed through any organized religion, and he has no chosen people.
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What are common elements of Romanticism?
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1. Frontier (vast expanse, freedom)
2. Optimism 3. Experimentation 4. Mingling of Races 5. Growth of industrialization (N = industry, S = agriculture) |
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What is the subject matter during the Romanticism era?
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1. Quest for beauty
2. Interest in the past 3. Use of fear/terror, grotesque, gothic 4. Escapism 5. Interest in nature (nature as beauty, refuge, or "god" for individual) |
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Romantic Attitudes
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1. Imagination (suspension of disbelief)
2. Emotion over reason (optimism) 3. Subjectivity in form and meaning |
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Romantic Techniques
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1. Remote settings
2. Unlikely plots 3. Inadequate, unlikely characters 4. Authorial subjectivity 5. Socially "harmful morality" |
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What are the basic beliefs of Transcendentalists?
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1. Individual is the spiritual center of the universe
2. The universe is a duplication of the individual self 3. Nature is symbolic 4. Virtue and happiness depend on self-realization 5. Desire to become one with the world |
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What are the principles of Realism?
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1. Defense of the "experienced commonplace"
2. Character is more important than plot 3. Attacks romanticism 4. Emphasizes morality and examines idealism 5. Realism is a realization of democracy |
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What are identifying characteristics of Realism writing?
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1. Purpose is to instruct or entertain
2. Subject matter is from common, average, everyday experiences 3. Morality explores relations between people and society 4. Emphasizes scenic presentation, not authorial comment/evaluation |
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What are some Realism techniques?
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1. Settlings are familiar to the writer
2. Plot emphasizes daily experiences 3. Ordinary characters are studied in depth 4. Author is objective 5. The world is accurately reported |
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What are some attitudes of modernism?
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1. Artist is less appreciated but more sensitive/heroic than most people
2. Artist challenges tradition 3. Breaks away fro patterned responses and predictable forms |
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What are some themes of Modernism?
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1. Collectivism vs. Individualism
2. Impact of Russian Revolution 3. Jazz 4. 19th Amendment (women's suffrage) 5. Prohibition 6. Stock market crash / Great Depression |
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What were literary achievements of the Modernism era?
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1. Showed plight of women
2. Created literature for urban experience 3. Continued rural spirit 4. Continued local color |
