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17 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Myth

A myth is a fictional tale that explains the actions of gods or heroes or the causes of natural phenomena. Some myths are a kind of primitive science, explaining how and why natural phenomena came about. Other myths express the central values of the people who created them. The stories of the Navajo and the Delaware peoples included in this text are examples- of Native American myths.


Oral Tradition

Oral tradition is the passing of songs, stories, and poems from generation to generation by word of mouth. The oral tradition in America has preserved Native American myths and legends, spirituals, folk ballads, and other stories or songs originally heard and memorized rather than written down.


excample- A grandpa telling his nephew a story

Poetry

Poetry is one of the three major types of literature. In poetry, form and content are closely connected, like the two faces of a single coin. Poems are divided into lines and stanzas and often employ regular rhythmical patterns, or meters. Most poems make use of highly concise, musical, and emotionally charges language. Many also make use of imagery, figurative language, and special devices such as rhyme.


excample-The old pond a frog jumps in, sound of water

Prose

Prose is the ordinary form of written language. Most writing that is not poetry, drama, or song is considered prose. Prose is one of the major genres of literature and occurs in two forms: fiction and nonfiction.


excample-such as newspapers, magazines, history books

Inference

Inference is a literary device used commonly in literature and in daily life where logical deductions are made based on premises assumed to be true.Inference is a literary device used commonly in literature and in daily life where logical deductions are made based on premises assumed to be true.


excample-“It was after we started with Gatsby toward the house that the gardener saw Wilson’s body a little way off in the grass, and the holocaust was complete.”

Journal

A journal is a daily autobiographical account of events and personal reactions. For example, Mary Chestnut's journal, on page 371, records events during the Civil War.


excample-the writtings people do in a book about there everyday life.

Puritan Plain Style of Writing

The Puritan Plain Style is a simple, direct stye of writing characterized by the use of short, easily understood words common to seventeenth-century conversation.


excample- an easy writting that is very simple.

Bias

An inclination of temperament or outlook, especially a personal and sometimes unreasoned judgment.


excample-when you favor one side.

Objective Writing

Objective writing is writing that you can verify through evidence and facts. If you are writing objectively, you must remain as neutral as possible through the use of facts, statistics, and research. This type of writing is best used when you as a writer need to present unbiased information to an audience and then let them determine their own opinion.


excample- News reports and school textbooks often use objective writing.

Subjective Writing

Subjective writing is found in personal essays, in autobiographies, and in the editorial section of newspapers where journalists express their opinions about news events.


excample- personal opinions, interpretations, points of view, emotions and judgment

Connotation

A connotation is an association that a word calls to mind in addition to the dictionary meaning of the word. Many words that are similar in their dictionary meanings, or denotations, are quite different in their connotations. Consider, for example, Jose Garcia Villa's line, "Be beautiful, noble, like the antique ant." This line would have a very different effect if it were "Be pretty, classy, like the old ant." Poets and other writers choose their words carefully so that the connotations of those words will be appropriate.


excample- words that describe stuff such as

1. Childlike, Youthful, Childish, Young

Denotation

The denotation of a word is its objective meaning, independent of other associations that the word brings to mind.


excample- And on a day we meet to walk the line
And set the wall between us once again.
We keep the wall between us as we go.
To each the boulders that have fallen to each

n

n

Exposition

Exposition is writing or speech that explains, informs, or presents information. The main techniques of expository writing include analysis, classification, comparison and contrast, definition, and exemplification, or illustration. An essay may be primarily expository, as is Joan Didion's "On the Mall," on page 916, or it may use exposition to support another purpose such as persuasion or argumentation, as in the selection from Carson McCuller's The Mortgaged Heart, on page 902.


excample- it is the plot of a story

Narration

The act or process of telling a story or describing what happens. They got a famous actor to do the narration for the documentary.


excample- in elementary school the teachers reading a book to the class.

Description

A description is a portrayal, in words, of something that can be perceived by the senses. Writers create descriptions by using images, as N. Scott Momaday does in the following lines from "A Vision Beyond Time and Place," on page 924:


excample- His eyes are deep and open to the wide world. At sunrise, precisely, they catch fire and close, having seen.


Persuasion

Persuasion is writing or speech that attempts to convince a reader to think or act in a particular way. During the Revolutionary War period, leaders such as Patrick Henry, Thomas Paine, and Thomas Jefferson used persuasion in their political arguements. Persuasion is also used in advertising, in editorials, in sermons, and in political speeches.


excample- being violent with people to fallow your ways.