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25 Cards in this Set
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reader-response criticism
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a school of literary theory that focuses on a reader's response to the work, rather than the composition of the work and authorial intent
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Stanley Fish; Roland Barthes; Hans-Robert Jauss; I.A. Richards
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deconstruction
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a philosophical and/or literary approach that relentless pursues the foundations of meaning-making in a text, usually to reveal them as ultimately unstable or impossible
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Jacques Derrida
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feminist criticism
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a school of literary criticism informed by feminist theory and feminism in general; consists of several "waves" of scholarship, the current one being the third
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George Eliot; Margaret Fuller; Isobel Armstrong; Sandra Gilbert; Lisa Tuttle
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Marxist criticism
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a school of literary criticism informed by the philosophy or politics of Marxism; generally attempts to assess the political tendency of the work
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Georg Lukacs; Leon Trotsky; Raymond Williams; Walter Benjamin; Frederic Jameson; Althusser
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postcolonialism
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a postmodern discourse that, when applied to literature, addresses works from formerly colonized countries in order to tease out the cultural legacy of colonialism
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Edward Said; Frantz Fanon; Bendict Anderson
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psychoanalytic criticism
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literary criticism that is informed by the tradition of psychoanalysis begun by Freud; focuses on the ways in which texts repress latent tendencies behind its obvious subject matter
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semiotic criticism
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criticism informed by the theory of signs, or semiotics; tied closely to structuralism and Saussure; a more or less systematic approach
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Mikhail Bakhtin; Roland Barthes; Julia Kristeva; Umberto Eco
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new historicism
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a school of literary theory that attempts to understand the work in a historical context, under the assumption that human societies can themselves be considered a text; generally in opposition to new criticism
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Stephen Greenblatt
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new criticism
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a school of criticism popular in the early 20th century that emphasized close reading and rejected extra-textual materials, especially biography, as merely supplementary
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F.R. Leavis; Robert Penn Warren; T.S. Eliot
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formalism
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a general term for literary theories that emphasize the formal features of a work (syntax, meter, grammar, tropes, etc.) while ignoring its historical, biographical, and cultural contexts
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New Criticism; New Formalism; Russian Formalism; Stylistics
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structuralism
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literary criticism that interprets works based on shared underlying structures, such as the Romeo and Juliet formula; closely tied to archetype criticism
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Claude Levi-Strauss; Northrop Frye
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post structuralism
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a branch of critical theory that views the signifier and signified as inseparable but not united; rejects the notion of the cohesive "self"; dismisses authorial intent, but inquires after one's personal reading
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Jacques Derrida; Michel Foucault; Julia Kristeva
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Chicago school
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a literary criticism originating at the University of Chicago that interpreted texts using classical methods; opposed to new criticism; also known as new Aristotelianism
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Norman Mclean; Wayne C. Booth; Robert Salmon Crane
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cultural materialism
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a usually leftist literary criticism that analyzes the process by which hegemonic social forces appropriate canonical texts in order to disseminate ideology; relies heavily on historical context
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Jonathan Dollimore; Alan Sinfield
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amatory fiction
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a collection of Romantic fiction written in the 17th and 18th century, primarily by women
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Eliza Heywood
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Romanticism
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an 18th and 19th century movement emphasizing the imagination and intense emotion; mostly known for its opium-addicted poets
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Victor Hugo; the Romantic poets; Northrop Frye (modern critic who described himself as a Romanticist)
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Gothic
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fiction that weds romanticism with supernatural and often violent elements; generally reacts to and plays with enlightenment principals
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Bram Stoker; Ann Radcliffe; Edgar Allen Poe
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pre-Raphaelitism
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a 19th century English movement, mostly of poets and painters, based on undoing Raphael's innovations
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Dante Gabriel Rossetti; Christina Rossetti
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transcendentalism
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a 19th century American poetic and philosophical movement concerned with self-reliance and an immediate relationship with nature
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Henry David Thoreau; Ralph Waldo Emerson
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American romanticism
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a 19th century movement (later than English romanticism) that incorporated an awareness of history, particularly darker aspects of American history
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Nathaniel Hawthorne; Washington Irving
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realism
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a late 19th century movement based on the simplification of style and a focus on poverty and everyday concerns
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Gustave Flaubert; Honore de Balzac; Leo Tolstoy; George Eliot
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naturalism
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a late 19th century movement (sometimes considered an offshoot of realism) primarily interested in the role that environment and heredity played in human character
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Emile Zola; Stephen Crane; Theodore Dreiser
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aestheticism
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a 19th century movement that emphasized "art for art's sake," and rejected notions of the didactic role of art; often associated with decadence, dandyism and homosexuality
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Oscar Wilde; Algernon Charles Swinburne
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literary modernism
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a loosely-associated group of literary works characterized by intense cynicism, disillusionment, experimentation, and rejection of Marxist views of history
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Virginia Woolf; T.S. Eliot; Ezra Pound
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literary postmodernism
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a postwar movement skeptical of absolutes and embracing diversity, irony, and word play
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Thomas Pynchon; Jorge Luis Borges; Kurt Vonnegut
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