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25 Cards in this Set

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reader-response criticism
a school of literary theory that focuses on a reader's response to the work, rather than the composition of the work and authorial intent
Stanley Fish; Roland Barthes; Hans-Robert Jauss; I.A. Richards
deconstruction
a philosophical and/or literary approach that relentless pursues the foundations of meaning-making in a text, usually to reveal them as ultimately unstable or impossible
Jacques Derrida
feminist criticism
a school of literary criticism informed by feminist theory and feminism in general; consists of several "waves" of scholarship, the current one being the third
George Eliot; Margaret Fuller; Isobel Armstrong; Sandra Gilbert; Lisa Tuttle
Marxist criticism
a school of literary criticism informed by the philosophy or politics of Marxism; generally attempts to assess the political tendency of the work
Georg Lukacs; Leon Trotsky; Raymond Williams; Walter Benjamin; Frederic Jameson; Althusser
postcolonialism
a postmodern discourse that, when applied to literature, addresses works from formerly colonized countries in order to tease out the cultural legacy of colonialism
Edward Said; Frantz Fanon; Bendict Anderson
psychoanalytic criticism
literary criticism that is informed by the tradition of psychoanalysis begun by Freud; focuses on the ways in which texts repress latent tendencies behind its obvious subject matter
semiotic criticism
criticism informed by the theory of signs, or semiotics; tied closely to structuralism and Saussure; a more or less systematic approach
Mikhail Bakhtin; Roland Barthes; Julia Kristeva; Umberto Eco
new historicism
a school of literary theory that attempts to understand the work in a historical context, under the assumption that human societies can themselves be considered a text; generally in opposition to new criticism
Stephen Greenblatt
new criticism
a school of criticism popular in the early 20th century that emphasized close reading and rejected extra-textual materials, especially biography, as merely supplementary
F.R. Leavis; Robert Penn Warren; T.S. Eliot
formalism
a general term for literary theories that emphasize the formal features of a work (syntax, meter, grammar, tropes, etc.) while ignoring its historical, biographical, and cultural contexts
New Criticism; New Formalism; Russian Formalism; Stylistics
structuralism
literary criticism that interprets works based on shared underlying structures, such as the Romeo and Juliet formula; closely tied to archetype criticism
Claude Levi-Strauss; Northrop Frye
post structuralism
a branch of critical theory that views the signifier and signified as inseparable but not united; rejects the notion of the cohesive "self"; dismisses authorial intent, but inquires after one's personal reading
Jacques Derrida; Michel Foucault; Julia Kristeva
Chicago school
a literary criticism originating at the University of Chicago that interpreted texts using classical methods; opposed to new criticism; also known as new Aristotelianism
Norman Mclean; Wayne C. Booth; Robert Salmon Crane
cultural materialism
a usually leftist literary criticism that analyzes the process by which hegemonic social forces appropriate canonical texts in order to disseminate ideology; relies heavily on historical context
Jonathan Dollimore; Alan Sinfield
amatory fiction
a collection of Romantic fiction written in the 17th and 18th century, primarily by women
Eliza Heywood
Romanticism
an 18th and 19th century movement emphasizing the imagination and intense emotion; mostly known for its opium-addicted poets
Victor Hugo; the Romantic poets; Northrop Frye (modern critic who described himself as a Romanticist)
Gothic
fiction that weds romanticism with supernatural and often violent elements; generally reacts to and plays with enlightenment principals
Bram Stoker; Ann Radcliffe; Edgar Allen Poe
pre-Raphaelitism
a 19th century English movement, mostly of poets and painters, based on undoing Raphael's innovations
Dante Gabriel Rossetti; Christina Rossetti
transcendentalism
a 19th century American poetic and philosophical movement concerned with self-reliance and an immediate relationship with nature
Henry David Thoreau; Ralph Waldo Emerson
American romanticism
a 19th century movement (later than English romanticism) that incorporated an awareness of history, particularly darker aspects of American history
Nathaniel Hawthorne; Washington Irving
realism
a late 19th century movement based on the simplification of style and a focus on poverty and everyday concerns
Gustave Flaubert; Honore de Balzac; Leo Tolstoy; George Eliot
naturalism
a late 19th century movement (sometimes considered an offshoot of realism) primarily interested in the role that environment and heredity played in human character
Emile Zola; Stephen Crane; Theodore Dreiser
aestheticism
a 19th century movement that emphasized "art for art's sake," and rejected notions of the didactic role of art; often associated with decadence, dandyism and homosexuality
Oscar Wilde; Algernon Charles Swinburne
literary modernism
a loosely-associated group of literary works characterized by intense cynicism, disillusionment, experimentation, and rejection of Marxist views of history
Virginia Woolf; T.S. Eliot; Ezra Pound
literary postmodernism
a postwar movement skeptical of absolutes and embracing diversity, irony, and word play
Thomas Pynchon; Jorge Luis Borges; Kurt Vonnegut