Lit 4.3

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Peter Marshall

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said , "Let us not be content to wait and see what will happen but give us the determination to make things happen"

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17th Century

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During this,after the Renaissance where expressions of ideas and feelings were significantly conveyed despite the great economic,social,and ideological changes

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17th Century

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was a period of struggle with some writers supporting the order and others, the revolution

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restraint of the seventeenth century & Romanticism of the first half of the nineteenth century & Pseudo-Classicism of the eighteenth century & Realism of the second half of the nineteenth century

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Literature changed from the exuberance of the Renaissance to the:(4)

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18th Century

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During this, there was a passion for order and perfection in France and an emergence of Classical Literature in Germany

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Romantic Literature

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a sudden spurt of feeling characterized this literature of the first half of that century after the restraint of the preceding countries

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Literature

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this changed: it emphasized reason,discipline and a strict imitation of Greek and Roman literature

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Formalism & Accuracy in word choice & Correctness & rhythmic expression of thought

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This became the ideal:(4)

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Criticism with logical reasoning

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the most important literary activity of the period

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Maxims

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passion for order and clarity is shown here

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Duke Francois dela Rochefoucauld

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wrote Maxims

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Satire

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both in prose and verse, was one of the most popular means of criticism

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Moliere

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satirical comedies written by him combined criticism with delightful entertainment

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La Fontaine

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through his fables in verse, he criticized people and society in such a way that people learn from them

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for reform & for national thought & for personal freedom & for reason & for political rights

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The passion of the writers: (5)

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The Oak and the Reed

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written by Jean de la Fontaine

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Reed

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What tall grass bends with the wind?

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Jean de la Fontaine

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was one of the major figures in French Literature during the 17th century

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Jean de la Fontaine

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he was famous for Fables -a collection of wise and satirical observations of human nature told in faultless French prose

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fable

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For La Fontaine, it was an imaginary episode used to make people see themselves and have them acquire a love of wisdom and virtue

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the body and the soul (i.e. the story and the moral)

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For La Fontaine, a fable consisted of two parts:

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Sir Edward Marsh

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translated the Oak and the Reed

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Symbol

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is used to tell about an abstract idea

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Symbol

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it refers to something more than itself

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The Crow and the Fox

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translated by Sir Edward Marsh

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Oak

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the crow sat perched upon it

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Cheese

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what did the crow held on its beak?

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Phoenix of the woods

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what did the fox called the crow?

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Flatterers

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live on those who swallow what they say

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The Fox and the Grapes

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written by Aesop

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Grapes

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what did the hungry fox saw upon a trellis spying?

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"They're sour"

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what did the fox said about the grapes when he did not reach them?

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Dogs

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they may eat the grapes as they please

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Maxims

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written by Francois, Duke of Rochefoucauld

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Francois, Duke of Rochefoucauld

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was a member of the most distinguished families of France

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Maxims

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is a collection of about 500 sharp and witty observations on human being's capacities, foibles, purposes, and social corruptions, some of which are unpleasant

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Self-love

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is the greatest of all flatterers

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Hypocrisy

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is the homage which vice pays to virtue

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True eloquence

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consists in saying all that is necessary and nothing but what is necessary

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Old men

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are fond of giving good advice, to console themselves for being no longer in a position to give bad examples

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Head

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is always the dupe of the Heart

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Sincerity

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is open-heartedness

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Sincerity

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few people have it; in most cases it is a delicate dissimulation practiced to gain confidence of others

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Master of conversation

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person of listens well and answers to the point

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The Erl-King

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written by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe ; translated by Sir Walter Scott

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It is the fond father embracing his child

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Who rides the night through the woodland so wild?

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Erl-King

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what did the child saw but his father said that it was but a dark wreath of cloud

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The child died

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what happened when the Erl-King grasped the child

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Homographs

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words that have the same meaning but different pronunciations

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indicates a statement of fact

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The rising-falling intonation with medium pitch,stress and volume

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signals a yes-no question

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A rising intonation with average speech,stress, and volume usually

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often indicates fear,panic,excitement or surprise

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A rising intonation with a high pitch and strong stress and volume

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may indicate anger,a sense of finality, or amazement

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A falling intonation with low pitch and strong stress

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Propaganda

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facts that are systematically and deliberately distorted

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Propaganda

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appeals to emotion rather than reason;covers up self interest under a pretense of patriotism or other admirable values;calls attention to points that will allow arouse or strengthen race,class or prejudice

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Name calling & Glittering generalities & Transfer/Association & Testimonial & Plain folks & Card stacking & Bandwagon

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Common propaganda devices: (7)

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Name calling

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appeals to your hates and fears by using words loosely applied to people and movements, thus conjuring negative ideas( e.g. of "horned" words: communist,agitator,anarchist,dictator,traitor, etc.)

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Glittering generalities

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gives a "halo" to his program by describing it in general terms which connote virtues

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Transfer/Association

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tries to establish connection between the ideas presented and some object, persons, party, cause, or idea which people respect

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Testimonial

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a well-known personality is used as endorser to make you accept the product, program, or project

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Plain folks

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you are encourage to believed that a person's views are acceptable because he/she acts just like the "folks at home"

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Card stacking

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this device depends on stressing the good qualities of a person or idea while belittling all others

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-Bandwagon

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urges you to see a product, join a movement, or support a candidate because everyone else is doing it

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China

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today, things manufactured here have come into spotlight because American scientists have discovered several defects in the goods

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Lead

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too much of it in the paint used for toys like Barbie dolls, Elmo, and other characters from sesame street can lead to poisoning