Lista 18 Repetition Av Thorax

Front 1

Vertebral column function:

Back 1

-protection of the spinal cord -support the weight of the head and the trunk -allows movements of the head and body -allows movements of the ribs for repiration

Front 2

General plan of the vertebra:

Back 2

body vertebral arch 7 processes

Front 3

primary curvature developed in:

Back 3

the intrauterine life

Front 4

primary curvature mainly due to:

Back 4

the differences in the size of bodies

Front 5

secondary curvature developed during:

Back 5

childhood (cervical and lumbar)

Front 6

secondary curvature purpose?

Back 6

compensation curves for maintaining of balance

Front 7

secondary curvature mainly due:

Back 7

to the differences in the size of IV discs.

Front 8

bony joints =

Back 8

synostoses

Front 9

cartilagineous joints =

Back 9

synchondroses

Front 10

fibrous joints =

Back 10

syndesmoses

Front 11

synovial joints =

Back 11

diarthroses

Front 12

IV comprise x% of the length of the vertebral column:

Back 12

25%

Front 13

IV function:

Back 13

shock absorbers + allows movements

Front 14

Diarthtroses joint - Movements are determined by:

Back 14

shape and position of articular surfaces

Front 15

Condyloid joint example:

Back 15

Atlanto-occipital joint

Front 16

Spinal cord extends from – ends with=

Back 16

foramen magnum to the level of L1/L2 vertebrae -ends with medullary conus

Front 17

Examples of Diarthtroses joints:

Back 17

Zygapophysial joints -
Lumbosacral joint
- Sacrococcygeal joint

Front 18

Examples of Syndesmoses joints:

Back 18

IV disks

Front 19

Examples of common ligaments in Syndesmoses joints:

Back 19

Anterior longitudinal ligament
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Ligamenta flava
-interspinous ligament
-supraspinous ligament
-intertransverse ligament

Front 20

Posterior border of middle mediastinum is formed by:

Back 20

fibrous pericardium, bronchopericardial membrane, posterior border of root of lung

Front 21

Posterior mediastinum contains:

Back 21

-esophagus + anterior and posterior esophageal plexuses,
anterior and posterior vagal trunks
-thoracic aorta
-thoracic duct
-azygos vein and its tributaries
-posterior mediastinal lymphnodes
-greater, lesser, least splanchnic nn.

Front 22

Posterior border of mediastinum:

Back 22

thoracic part of vertebral column +iv discs +anterior longitudinal lig.

Front 23

“DIRECT ROUTE” is?

Back 23

Lymph from lateral quadrants gets to AXILLARY NODES via pectoral nodes

Front 24

“INDIRECT ROUTE” is?

Back 24

Lymph from upper and lower quadrants get to axillary nodes via interpectoral nodes (upper) and paramammary nodes(lower)

Front 25

Lymph from medial quadrants get to:

Back 25

parasternal nodes + inferior phrenic nodes

Front 26

Lymph from axillary lymph nodes drains into:

Back 26

clavicular lymph nodes (infra + supraclavicular) -> subclavian lymphatic trunk

Front 27

sternopericardiac ligg. Is with in which mediastinum?

Back 27

anterior mediastinum

Front 28

Breast – major arteries:

Back 28

branches of internal thoracic artery(subclavian),
Lateral thoracic artery(axillary
Posterior intercostal arteries

Front 29

Breast - veins:

Back 29

Axillary vein + Internal thoracic vein

Front 30

Characteristics Atlas C1:

Back 30

No body or spinous process - Lateral masses - Anterior/posterior tubercle

Front 31

Characteristics Axis C2:

Back 31

Superior articular facets - Dens - Bifid spinous process

Front 32

Expiration involves what muscles?:

Back 32

muscles of the anterior abdominal wall - internal intercostal muscles - serratus posterior inferior

Front 33

Oblique fissure Begins and end with what ribs? (left)

Back 33

begins with left 3rd rib, end at 6th rib

Front 34

Oblique fissure - Begins and end with what ribs? (right)

Back 34

right 4th rib, end at 6th rib

Front 35

Where can we find the Horizontal fissure

Back 35

A line from 4th costal cartilage, mets up with Oblique fissure after midaxillary line

Front 36

Muscles of inspiration – name them!

Back 36

- diaphragm - external, internal, innermost intercostal - sternocleidomastoid - scalenus - pectoralis major + minor - levator costarum + scapulae - serratus anterior + posterior superior

Front 37

parasternal line left lung (end of lung)

Back 37

4th rib

Front 38

parasternal line right lung (end of lung)

Back 38

6 th rib

Front 39

Horizontal fissure – what segments?

Back 39

Right lung: S2 - 6

Front 40

Oblique fissure right and left lung – what segments?

Back 40

S2–8 but NOT B3

Front 41

Oblique fissure left lung – what segments?

Back 41

S1-8 but NOT B3

Front 42

Layers of serous pericardium

Back 42

visceral layer of serous pericardium, parietal layer of serous pericardium

Front 43

Nerves of Superior mediastinum:

Back 43

a) Vagus nn, b) Cardiac nn, c) Superficial part of cardiac plexus, d) Left recurrent laryngeal n, e) Phrenic nn

Front 44

Pericardium is attached by? (3)

Back 44

two ligaments and one membrane:
sternopericardial ligament (to sternum),
pericardiacophrenic ligament (to diaphragm) and
bronchopericardial membrane (to lungs)

Front 45

Arterial supply of Pericardium

Back 45

pericardiocophrenic artery (branch of internal thoracic a)

Front 46

SA node location:

Back 46

Located anterolaterally, just deep to epicardium,Superior right side of right atrium, between atrium and pulmonary trunk

Front 47

AV node location:

Back 47

Inferior wall of right atrium, close to septal cusp and opening of coronary sinus

Front 48

This plura connects the diaphragmatic parietal plural with the diaphragm

Back 48

phrenicopleural

Front 49

Pleura Divided into:

Back 49

Costal ,diaphragmatic, mediastinal, cervical

Front 50

this if formed by connection between fibrous rings: function:

Back 50

fibrous trigone (2) Prevents overextension of orifices provides attachment for cups

Front 51

Heart wall Consists of:

Back 51

endocardium: inner lining, myocardium: intermediate lining,epicardium: outer lining (mesothelium)

Front 52

Layers of pericardium:

Back 52

serous,Fibrous pericardium

Front 53

1st rib Characteristic:

Back 53

T1 vertebra only - Groove for sublavian vein and artery +Scalene tubercle

Front 54

Intervertebral foramina transmit what?:

Back 54

spinal nerves - anterior and posterior spinal artery - intervertebral vein

Front 55

Function of ligamenutm flavum?

Back 55

connect laminae of adjacent vertebrae - maintain the upright posture

Front 56

Lumbar triangle (of Petit) borders:

Back 56

medially: latissimus dorsi
Laterally: external oblique abdominal m.
inferiorly: iliac Crest
floor: internal oblique abdominal m

Front 57

Name of extension of Pia mater:

Back 57

cervical enlargement location

Front 58

Vertebrae function:

Back 58

-protection of the spinal cord
-support the weight of the head and the trunk
-allows movements of the head and body

Front 59

Muscles of the back: Deep:

Back 59

splenius capitis m.
- splenius cervicis m.
- erector spinae – (iliocostalis m., longissimus m., spinalis m.)

Front 60

Articulation Between C3-C7 (uncinate processes) – called?

Back 60

Uncovertebral Joints:

Front 61

Intervertebral disc is build up by:

Back 61

Anulus fibrosus +Nucleus pulposus

Front 62

2nd rib Characteristic:

Back 62

T1-T2 - Tuberosity for serratus anterior

Front 63

Typical ribs 3rd – 9th Characteristic:

Back 63

-Articulate with corresponding vertebra and superior vertebra
-Head with 2 facets Neck-
Tubercle, articulates with corresponding transverse process of vertebra and costotransverse ligament
- Body with costal groove- Angle

Front 64

Function of anterior longitudinal ligament?:

Back 64

limit extension of vertebral column
- supports the anulus fibrosus anteriorly
- resists gravitational pull

Front 65

Another name for hunchback:

Back 65

kyphosis

Front 66

Hangman’s fracture is what:

Back 66

Fracture of vertebral arch through the pedicles of axis

Front 67

primary curvature – which way?

Back 67

concave anteriorly

Front 68

oblique pericardial sinus borders?

Back 68

On the right side, the oblique sinus is bounded by the lines of reflection of the serous pericardium onto the inferior vena cava and the right pulmonary veins. On the left, the sinus is bounded only by the lines of reflection of serous pericardium onto the left pulmonary veins

Front 69

Transverse pericardial sinus borders?

Back 69

a passage between the superior and posterior reflections of the serous pericardium. The transverse pericardial sinus lies anterior to the superior vena cava and posterior to the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk.

Front 70

Middle Mediastinum Contains

Back 70

Contains the heart, pericardium, phrenicnerves ,roots of the great vessels (aorta, pulmonary arteries and veins, and vena cavae), arch of the azygos vein, and main bronchi.

Front 71

Posterior Mediastinum Contains

Back 71

the esophagus,
thoracic aorta,
azygos and hemiazygos veins,
thoracic duct,
vagus nerves,
sympathetic trunk,
and splanchnic nerves.

Front 72

Superior mediastinum borders:

Back 72

anteriorly: the sternum
-posteriorly: the upper thoracic vertebra
-superiorly: thoracic inlet
-laterally: apices of the lungs
-inferiorly: Oblique plan from sternal angle to T4/T5

Front 73

In a chest x ray

Back 73

which structures can we see on the right side (S->I), SVC RA

Front 74

Anterior Mediastinum borders:

Back 74

Anteriorly by the sternum,
-laterally by the pleura
-Posteriorly by the pericardium

Front 75

Posterior Mediastinum borders:

Back 75

(Runs parallel with the vertebral column)-
Anteriorly by the pericardium above by the posterior surface of the diaphragm below -

Posteriorly by the vertebral column from the lower border of the fourth to the twelfth thoracic vertebra

- Laterally by the mediastinal pleura

Front 76

Relation of Atrium proper and venus sinus according to crista terminalis

Back 76

atrium proper is anteriorly venous sinus is posteriorly

Front 77

atrium proper walls are ?

Back 77

rough (pectinate mm.)

Front 78

Whats located at right lungs Mediastinal surface

Back 78

Right atrium, Superior vena cava, Azygos vein, Inferior vena cava, Esophageus

Front 79

Whats located at left lungs Mediastinal surface

Back 79

Left atrium and left ventricle, Aortic arch,Thoracic aorta,Left subclavian a.

Front 80

Accessory hemiazygos vein is formed by union of what structures?:

Back 80

5th-8th posterior intercostal v.

Front 81

What structures give rise to anterior intercostal areteries? :

Back 81

1st-6th intercostal space -> internal thoracic a.,
7th-9th intercostal space -> musculophrenic a.

Front 82

Heart auscultation - Pulmonary valve (to pulmonary trunk)

Back 82

left second intercostal space

Front 83

Heart auscultation - Aortic valve (to aorta)

Back 83

right second intercostal space

Front 84

Heart auscultation - Mitral valve (to left ventricle)

Back 84

left fifth intercostal space (lateral)

Front 85

Heart auscultation - Tricuspid valve (to right ventricle) :

Back 85

right fifth intercostal space (close to sternum)

Front 86

Superior mediastinum contains?(ant to post)

Back 86

Thymus (or its remnant),
Veins (Superior part of SVC and its tributaries),
Nerves,
Arteries,
Trachea,
Esophagus,
Lymph (Thoracic duct)

Front 87

The ligament that fuse the central tendon of diaphragm with the inferior surface of the fibrous pericardium. Name?

Back 87

pericardiacophrenic ligament

Front 88

4 surfaces of heart :

Back 88

Sternocostal formed by the RV,
right pulmonary formed by RA,
left pulmonary formed by LV. (Cardiac silhouette,)
diaphragmatic (inferior) LV and partly RV, related to the central tendon of diaphragm

Front 89

Pericardium Nerve supply:

Back 89

phrenic nerves (C3-C5) → sensory fibers, vagus nerve (CN X) → function uncertain, sympathetic trunks → vasomotor

Front 90

Function of Muscles of the superficial layer:

Back 90

extend, rotate and laterally flex head and neck

Front 91

Superior mediastinum contains:

Back 91

-aortic arch with its branches
(brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid a., left subclavian a.)

Front 92

Heart skeleton is build up by:

Back 92

4 fibrous ringsof orifices,fibrous trigones: left and right. Membranous part of the interventricular septum

Front 93

Lub sound(first) is made by?

Back 93

closure of mitral (1) and tricuspid valve (2)

Front 94

Pulmonary root is made up by:

Back 94

-principal bronchus,
-pulmonary a. and vv.,
-bronchial branches and bronchial vv.
-anterior and posterior pulmonary plexus
-lymph vessels and nodes

Front 95

intermediate layer of heart – name + content:

Back 95

myocardium+ heart skeleton + heart conducting system

Front 96

right bronchial ramus comes from:

Back 96

3rd posterior right intercostal a.

Front 97

visceral pleura –nerve supply:

Back 97

pulmonary plexus

Front 98

parietal pleura –nerve supply:

Back 98

costal –intercostal nn.,
mediastinal –phrenic n.,
diaphragmatic –phrenic & lower intercostal nn –
cervicle –phrenic n

Front 99

Apex of heart is where?

Back 99

5th intecostal at MCL

Front 100

What lies in the costal groove and what order?,

Back 100

intercostal VAN superior to inferior. (intercostal vein, intercostal artery, intercostal nerve.)