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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Speaker |
Definition - The person, NOT NECESSARILY THE AUTHOR, who is the voice of the poem Example - “He was an old man who fished alone in a skiff in the Gulf Stream and he had goneeighty-four days now without taking a fish. In the first forty days a boy had been with him. But after forty days without a fish the boy’s parents had told him that the old man was now definitely and finally salao, which is the worst form of unlucky…….The sail was patched with flour sacks and, furled, it looked like the flag of permanent defeat…..” - Excerpt from The Old Man and Sea where Santiago is the speaker |
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Protagonist |
Definition - The chief character Example - Hamlet in William Shakespeare's "Hamlet" or Raskolnikov in Crime and Punishment |
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Antagonist |
Definition - The character in a narrative or play who is in conflict with the main character
Example - King Creon in Sophocles’ tragedy “Antigone” |
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Flat Character |
Definition - A character that is not fully developed by an author
Example - Rosencrantz and Guildenstern serve as flat characters in Hamlet |
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Round Character |
Definition - A fully developed character
Example - Gatsby in The Great Gatsby and Huck from Huckleberry Finn |
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Stock Character |
Definition - Character that appears in multiple works; such as the cruel stepmother, femme fatale, etc.
Example - Mad Scientist (Doctor Victor Frankenstein, Frankenstein. Doctor Moreau, The Island of Doctor Moreau) |
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Caricature |
Definition - A misshapen likeness of striking qualities in person and things.
Example - “Mr. Chadband is a large yellow man, with a fat smile, and a general appearance of having a good deal of train oil in his system. Mrs. Chadband is a stern, severe-looking, silent woman. Mr. Chadband moves softly and cumbrously, not unlike a bear who has been taught to walk upright. He is very much embarrassed about the arms, as if they were inconvenient to him.” |
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Foil |
Definition - Character who provides a contrast to another character, thus emphasizing the other’s traits
Example - Laertes demonstrates the calm, calculated, and hesitant nature of Hamlet by being brash, spiteful, and reactionary about being seeking revenge of father's death just as Hamlet does. |
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Archetype |
Definition - A recurring pattern of situations, characters, or symbols existing instinctively in the collective unconscious of man
Example - The Villain: A character whose main function is to go to any extent to oppose the hero or whom the hero must annihilate in order to bring justice e.g. Shere Khan from Kipling’s “The Jungle Book” stories, Long John Silver from Stevenson’s “Treasure Island”” etc |
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Persona |
Definition - The assumed identity or fictional “I” assumed by a writer in a literary work to deliver the storywho may or may not reflect the author’s viewpoint.
Example - Joseph Conrad using Marlow as a persona in Heart of Darkness |
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Characterization |
Definition - Techniques employed by authors to develop characters: actions, descriptions, dialogue,thoughts, and inferences
Example - The Great Gatsby, characters are characterized by their wealth which associates them with certain attributes to their personality or being, e.g Daisy and Tom being rich and are associated with abusive or complacent qualities |
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Shift |
Definition - A change of feelings by the speaker from the beginning to the end, paying particular attention to the conclusion of the literature
Example - “The principal just called to say that our son was in a fight. I can’t believe he would do that. Then again, I’m proud of Billy for sticking up for himself. That bully had it coming.' |
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Complication |
Definition - The part of a plot in which the entanglement caused by the conflict is developed
Example - Hamlet discovering his fathers death, wishing to avenge him he can not bring himself to because of his hesitance. |
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Denouement |
Definition - Resolution of a plot that occurs at the end of the piece
Example - The death of Gertrude, Claudius, Laertes, and Hamlet at the end of the play. |
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Falling Action |
Definition - Everything that happens in the plot after the climax or crisis and right before the denouement
Example - Raskolnikov being sent to Siberia after the confession of his crime and the events that follow it. |
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Rising Action |
Definition - The development of conflict leading to a crisis
Example - Tolstoy in his novel, Anna Karenina, draws two major stories. Rising action of major storyline begins when Vronsky starts having passionate feelings for Anna instead of Kitty. Vronsky and Anna meet each other in the train station and start their secret relationship. The action further rises while their obsession turns into a love affair, and Anna decides to live with Vronsky and leave her son and husband. |
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Foreshadowing |
Definition - The arrangement and presentation of events and information in such a way that later events in awork are prepared for Example - In John Steinbeck’s novel “Of Mice and Men”, George killing Candy’s dog foreshadows George killing Lennie. Lennie is identical to the dog. |
