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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the conceptual definition of hypertension?
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The level of pressure at which the benefits (minus the risk an costs) of action (medical evaluation and treatment) exceed the rsiks fo inaction.
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What is the operational definition of hypertension?
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Hypertension is defined as a systolic pressure greater than 140 and a diastolic greater than 90 based on three sets of mearsurements over several weeks.
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What are the three major end organ diseases and 2 vascular diseases to which hypertension is a major contributor?
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1. Brain - stroke due to thrombosis or hemorrhage
2. Heart - heart disease due to L ventricular hypertrophy/subsequent CHF; coronary artery disease 3. Kidneys - chronic renal failure secondary to glomerular arteriolar nephrosclerosis. Vascular 1. Abdominal aortic aneurysm 2. peripheral vascular disease - secondary to accelerated atherosclerosis |
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Name six potential adverse conseqences for a patient as a consequence of being diagnosed and/or treated for hypertension.
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1. burden of being labeled "hypertensive"
2. interference with quality of life 3. lifestyle changes (diet, exercise) 4. life insurance increase 5. adverse effects to drug therapy 6. costs of treatment |
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What is the prevalence of hypertension in people ages 35-44 and over 65?
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35-45 = 20%
over 65 = 60% |
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What is the exact cause of hypertension?
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No one knows
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What is secondary hypertension?
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Hypertension that is secondary to some other identifiable problem - there fore it is sometimes fixable.
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Four secondary sources of hypertension?
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1. kidney diseases
2. endocrine tumors 3. coarctation of the aorta 4. drugs (alcohol, cocaine, oral contraceptives) |
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What is the formula for BP?
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BP = CO x peripheral resistance
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When you finally are able to diagnose a patient with primary hypertension what will that patient also have (3)?
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1. Elevated peripheral vascular resistance
2. normal CO 3. artheroschlerosis |
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What is the hemodynamic hallmark of elevated BP?
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Elevated vascular resistance
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What does the perpetuation of hypertension depend on?
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Development of vascular hypertrophy within smaller arterioles (primary determinant of peripheral vascular resistance).
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VIP
What are four cardiovascular risk factors that, in combination with hypertension, increase the likelihood of the patient having a stroke or MI? |
1. hyperlipidemia
2. cigarette use 3. diabetes mellitus 4. family history of early cardiovascular disease |
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What is the major symptom of high BP?
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high BP is asymptomatic!! Got you!
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For patients with long standing high BP may present with what five symptoms are due to target organ disease?
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headache, dizziness, stroke, chest pain (coronary diseae), leg pain (insuff oxygen delivery)
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Three rare symptoms of high BP causes by secondary causes of hypertension?
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1. pheochromocytoma
2. glucocorticoid excess 3. renal disease flank pain and hematuria |
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On a patient with sustained high BP and lung target organ disease what is one sign?
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rales
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What happens to pulses in the extremities of hypertensive patients?
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diminish
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VIP
What are two test for cardiac risk factors? |
cholesterol
glucose |
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Three tests done on a hypertensive patient to test for target organ disease?
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1. EKG
2. proteinuria 3. increased serum creatinine due to reduced glomerular filtration rate. |
