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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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apolipoprotein
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is a protein associated with a lipoprotein=a big blob of fat in the blood
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fatty acids are carried by
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albumin, other lipids are carried by lipoproteins
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apolipoprotein structure
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high content of alpha helical structure that is amphipathic. hydrophobic goes inside and hydrophilic is projected outward, makes it water soluble. wraps around lipid particle
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HDGL
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hepatacyte lipase. in the sinusoids of the liver
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LCAT
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lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase
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lipoprotein lipase
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enzyme found in the epithelium
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TAG (triacylglycerol)
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TG from fat, can also come from sugar
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components of HDL
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identified by lipoprotein A.
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HDL
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high density lipoprotein. packed with a lot of protein. apoprotein, C2 and E and A , also LCAT and CEPP
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what esterifies the cholesterol
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the LCAT and the A. fatty acid group is added to the cholesterol and the -OH group is sucked into the core of the particle
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phospholipids
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provides the fatty acid group that is added to cholesterol to esterify it. (donates one of the acyl chains)
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What is goal for HDL cholesterol level
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greater than 40
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HTGL does what?
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on surface of liver cells. is a lipase so it breaks down the TGs
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endogenous pathway
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involves formation of VLDL--> IDL-->LDL
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exogenous pathway
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involves chilomicrons
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B100 identifies lipoproteins as
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a VLDL. B 100 is amphipathic alphahelical (B48 is 48% of the B100)
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B48 defines the lipoprotein...
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chilomicron.
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describe process of the endogenous pathway
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TG ingested from sugar becomes a glucose molecule-->glucose enters the circulation-->liver and pancreas recognize increase in glucose levels (liver metabolizes some glucose)
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what metabolic process happens in liver where fat is made from sugar? the endogenous pathway.
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glucose-->citrate from citric acid cycle-->converted to acetylco=a-->malonyl co-a--> fatty acids go 2 by 2 and connect to glycerol backbone to form a Triglyceride formed a lot of TGs (triacylglycerol) makes VLDL and goes into circulation
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how long does VLDL stay in circulation?
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20 minutes, then it becomes and LDL.
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VLDL reaction with HDL
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C2 and E leave the HDL and connect with VLDL (C2 is activator of lipoprotein lipase=can cut fat and leave it in cardiac tissue or adipose tissue)
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lipoprotein lipase is found where?
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in cardiac muscle tissue and in adipose tissue. Is activated by C2. converts the TGs to fatty acids and glycerol. makes them free fatty acids...
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The E protein allows
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the fatty acid to be accepted into the liver by a specific receptor
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VLDL becomes IDL by
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as loses more and more of the TG it becomes an IDL
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