Linguistics Quiz 3 - Function And Patterning Of Sounds

Front 1

peeks of sonority and the surrounding segments; language specific

Back 1

Syllable

Front 2

ex. Japanese which patterns CVCVCV but NOT English because we have consonant clusters

Back 2

Open-syllable languages

Front 3

segments that come before peak sonority (up to 3)

Back 3

Onset

Front 4

segments after nucleus (up to 4)

Back 4

Coda

Front 5

most sonorous part of syllable

Back 5

Nucleus

Front 6

segments that come after onset

Back 6

Rhyme

Front 7

when a segment can go on either tree, so you have to backward build

Back 7

ambi-syllabic

Front 8

sounds that are mentally represented

use slash brackets and do affect meaning

Back 8

Phoneme /x/

Front 9

sounds that are phonetically the same except for one segment

They occur in exact same environments but have different meaning.

Back 9

minimal pairs

Front 10

Presence of minimal pairs =

(even if you don’t have minimal pairs but do have same environment lists)

Back 10

Phonemes in Contrastive Distribution

Front 11

variations of the same sound in your mind; there are multiple sounds that belong to the same phonemes

[x]

Back 11

Allophone

Front 12

absence of minimal pairs and presence of distinctive environment lists

sounds belong to same phoneme

Back 12

Allophones in Complementary Distribution

Front 13

representation of sounds in your mind that lead you to another sound

(the phoneme = most environments or “elsewhere”)

Back 13

Underlying representation

Front 14

what you actually say

(allophones – specific, limited environment)

Back 14

Surface representation

Front 15

Steps for Solving phonological problems

Back 15

1. Minimal pairs? list.
2. Make environment lists (if there are no minimal pairs).
3. State the distribution type.
4. Write a rule (if complementary).

Front 16

Flapping rule

Back 16

Consonant phonemes become flap allophones in the environment of before unstressed vowels and after stressed vowels or consonant allophones elsewhere.

Front 17

Aspiration Rule

Back 17

Voiceless stop consonant phonemes become aspirated voiceless stop consonants allophones in the environment of before stressed vowels and either after unstressed vowels or word-initially or voiceless stop allophones elsewhere

Front 18

Nasalization Rule

Back 18

Vowel phonemes become nasal allophones in the environment between two nasal consonants or vowel allophones elsewhere.

Front 19

Deletion Rule

Back 19

Something becomes nothing int he environment of between x and y.

Front 20

Epenthesis

Back 20

Nothing becomes something in the environment between x and y.

Front 21

how you represent nothing in a rule

Back 21

a zero with a slash through it

Front 22

Are syllabic consonants stressed or unstressed?

Back 22

UNstressed always because they act like vowels

[r,l,m,n]

Front 23

Valorization Rule

Back 23

Phoneme /l/ becomes allophone [ɫ] in the environment of after a vowel and before either word finally or a consonant or becomes allophone [l] elsewhere.