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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Derivation
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Addition of an affix that changes the syntactic category of a word
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Category Extension
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A word can be in two syntactic categories.
Love (V) Love (N) |
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Compounding
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combining 2+ free morphemes
well-known |
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Root Creation
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new word based on no pre-existing morphemes
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Clipped Form
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shortened form of pre-existing morphemes
brassiere --> bra |
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Blend
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combination of two pre-existing morphemes
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Acronym
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from first letters, say it as a word
NASA |
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Abbreviation
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from first letters, just pronounce the letters
FBI |
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Proper Name
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formation of a word from a proper name
Earl of Sandwich --> sandwich |
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Folk Etymology
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substituting common native form for an exotic form
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Back formation
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a word is formed by removing what is mistaken for an affix
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infix
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an affix in the middle of a morpheme, splits it
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Inflectional morphemes
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-ed, -er, -est, -ing, -en, -s (3rd person singular), -'s (possessive), -s (plural)
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Derivational
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changes word meaning, syntactic category
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Inflectional
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adds meaning
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Auxiliary verbs
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helping verbs
Have Be Do |
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Aspect
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completion of the action
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Auxiliary Have
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Have + [-ed/-en]
perfect |
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Auxiliary Be
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Be + [-ing]
progressive |
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Auxiliary Do
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never occurs with any other auxiliary verb
main verb is uninflected |
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What are the modal verbs?
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can/could, shall/should, will/would, may/might/must
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Modal Verbs
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not inflected (no s, no tense)
always first verb form modal + uninflected auxiliary + inflected main verb cannot be 2 modals in a row |
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*He must to speak English in class
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modals can't be followed by an infinitive form
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*The boy must his homework
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Modals cannot stand alone, need a main verb
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*He has eat
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Auxiliary have is always followed by a past participle
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Can auxiliary verbs be main verbs?
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yes
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morphology
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study of how words are structured and how they are put together from smaller parts
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word coinage
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when a word is created that applies to the rules for advertising or something
also called root creation |
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morpheme
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smallest linguistic unit that has a meaning or grammatical function
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free morphemes
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morphemes that can stand alone
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bound morphemes
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morphemes that do not exist as words themselves, but are always connected to some other morpheme
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derivational morphemes (grammatical bound)
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morphemes that change the meaning or part of speech of a word
all prefixes word + ly --> adverb |
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inflectional morphemes (grammatical bound)
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morphemes that do not alter words but only refine and give extra grammatical information about the word's existing meaning
swim+s=swims, smart+er=smarter |
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free grammatical morphemes
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Prepositions, Articles, Conjunctions
at, the, and |
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free lexical morphemes
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nouns, verbs, adjectives
com(press), de(press), op(press)... |
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bound lexical morphemes
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sub(vert), in(vert), con(vert)
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allomorphs
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bound morphemes that sound alike
hat(s), Jake('s), talk(s) plural, possessive, 3rd person singular or 3 suffixes that change depending on phonological association rats [s], rays [z], dishes [ez] different pronunciations |
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prefix
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attaches at the beginning
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suffix
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attaches at the end
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A free morpheme in a word can be called?
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stem, root, base
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Which comes first in a word inflectional or derivational morphemes?
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Derivational
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productive
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the more combinations a morpheme can occur in, the more productive it is
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complementary distribution
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when two items never occur in the same environment
(do and other auxiliaries) |
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passive be
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immediately precedes the main verb
always followed by a past participle |
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tense
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particular form of a verb
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