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36 Cards in this Set

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df psycholinguistics
study of how we acquire, produce and understand language
df neurolinguistics
study of the mechanisms of the brain that underlie how we acquire, produce and understand language
df poverty of the stimulus argument
position that children do not receive enough data to acquire language simply from what they hear
explain overgeneralization
application of a grammatical rule more broadly than it is generally applied
Why do children never make certain kinds of grammatical errors?
they already have the relevant grammatical information in their heads as part of Universal Grammar
explain learning by analogy
children apply rules based on what they have heard - goed, mouses
What are the stages of first language acquisition?
Prelinguistic, babbling, oneword, two word, early multiword, multiword
In what language acquisition stage do children have mastered many of the sounds in their own language?
babbling 4-8 months
Which letter sounds are seen less frequently?
fvlr
What is characteristic of the one word stage?
overextension and underextension
Which stage is an example of fast mapping?
Two word stage 18-24 months
What are characteristics of the early multiword stage?
form questions, rely on intonation to form questions, negatives (no eat)
Characteristics of the later multiword stage?
adult like phonology, morphology and syntax but still overgeneralizations
explain interlanguage grammar
intermediate grammar influenced by both a person's native and second languages.
What is a crucial aspect of learning a second language?
Social , motivation
explain bilingualism
native ability to express oneself in two languages acquired simultaneously, usually at a very young age.
df codeswitching
switching between two language during one conversation
df creole
native language with full grammatical complexity that develops (over time) from a pidgin
df pidgin
simplified non-native "contact" language that develops to enable speakers of distinct languages to communicate
list characteristics of pidgin language
>no native speakers > result of contact between two or more languages > grammar of their own > small vocabulary > not mutually intelligible with the contributing languages.
superstrate -
dominate language usually contributing most of the vocabulary
substrate
the other language contributing to the pidgin
What is amazing about the Nicaraguan Sign language?
it emerged from human contact, not from language contact
df specific language impairment
disorder in which children do not acquire language in the normal way but are otherwise not generally cognitively impaired
df Williams syndrome
rare genetic disorder that involves severe retardation, distinct physical characteristics and uniquely expressive language ability
explain localization theory of neurolinguistics
theory that different parts of the brain are associated with or control particular behaviors and functions
df aphasia
language disorder resulting from brain trauma
explain Broca's aphasia
form of aphasia characterized by labored speech and general agrammatism
explain Wernicke's aphasia
form of aphasia characterized by fluent speech that makes little sense
explain the idea of lateralization in neurolinguistics
the idea that cognitive functions reside in or are controlled by either side of the brain
what is agrammatism
word order does not conform to grammatical rules of language
What is contralateralism?
The brain is controlled by the opposite side - sensory information is received by the opposite side of the brain from the side of the body from which it is sent.
dichotic listening
method of testing processing of linguistic stimuli wherein people hear different sounds int wo ears simultaneously
What is the bundle of fibers that connects the two central hemispheres of the brain?
corpus callosum
What is split brain
severed corpus calosum usually to relieve epileptic seizures.
What is the critical period fo language acquisition?
early childhood to pre-puberty