Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
df psycholinguistics
|
study of how we acquire, produce and understand language
|
|
df neurolinguistics
|
study of the mechanisms of the brain that underlie how we acquire, produce and understand language
|
|
df poverty of the stimulus argument
|
position that children do not receive enough data to acquire language simply from what they hear
|
|
explain overgeneralization
|
application of a grammatical rule more broadly than it is generally applied
|
|
Why do children never make certain kinds of grammatical errors?
|
they already have the relevant grammatical information in their heads as part of Universal Grammar
|
|
explain learning by analogy
|
children apply rules based on what they have heard - goed, mouses
|
|
What are the stages of first language acquisition?
|
Prelinguistic, babbling, oneword, two word, early multiword, multiword
|
|
In what language acquisition stage do children have mastered many of the sounds in their own language?
|
babbling 4-8 months
|
|
Which letter sounds are seen less frequently?
|
fvlr
|
|
What is characteristic of the one word stage?
|
overextension and underextension
|
|
Which stage is an example of fast mapping?
|
Two word stage 18-24 months
|
|
What are characteristics of the early multiword stage?
|
form questions, rely on intonation to form questions, negatives (no eat)
|
|
Characteristics of the later multiword stage?
|
adult like phonology, morphology and syntax but still overgeneralizations
|
|
explain interlanguage grammar
|
intermediate grammar influenced by both a person's native and second languages.
|
|
What is a crucial aspect of learning a second language?
|
Social , motivation
|
|
explain bilingualism
|
native ability to express oneself in two languages acquired simultaneously, usually at a very young age.
|
|
df codeswitching
|
switching between two language during one conversation
|
|
df creole
|
native language with full grammatical complexity that develops (over time) from a pidgin
|
|
df pidgin
|
simplified non-native "contact" language that develops to enable speakers of distinct languages to communicate
|
|
list characteristics of pidgin language
|
>no native speakers > result of contact between two or more languages > grammar of their own > small vocabulary > not mutually intelligible with the contributing languages.
|
|
superstrate -
|
dominate language usually contributing most of the vocabulary
|
|
substrate
|
the other language contributing to the pidgin
|
|
What is amazing about the Nicaraguan Sign language?
|
it emerged from human contact, not from language contact
|
|
df specific language impairment
|
disorder in which children do not acquire language in the normal way but are otherwise not generally cognitively impaired
|
|
df Williams syndrome
|
rare genetic disorder that involves severe retardation, distinct physical characteristics and uniquely expressive language ability
|
|
explain localization theory of neurolinguistics
|
theory that different parts of the brain are associated with or control particular behaviors and functions
|
|
df aphasia
|
language disorder resulting from brain trauma
|
|
explain Broca's aphasia
|
form of aphasia characterized by labored speech and general agrammatism
|
|
explain Wernicke's aphasia
|
form of aphasia characterized by fluent speech that makes little sense
|
|
explain the idea of lateralization in neurolinguistics
|
the idea that cognitive functions reside in or are controlled by either side of the brain
|
|
what is agrammatism
|
word order does not conform to grammatical rules of language
|
|
What is contralateralism?
|
The brain is controlled by the opposite side - sensory information is received by the opposite side of the brain from the side of the body from which it is sent.
|
|
dichotic listening
|
method of testing processing of linguistic stimuli wherein people hear different sounds int wo ears simultaneously
|
|
What is the bundle of fibers that connects the two central hemispheres of the brain?
|
corpus callosum
|
|
What is split brain
|
severed corpus calosum usually to relieve epileptic seizures.
|
|
What is the critical period fo language acquisition?
|
early childhood to pre-puberty
|