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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Personal pronoun example |
Him |
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Reflexible pronoun example |
Himself |
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Antecedent |
Proceeding word or phrase a pronoun prefers |
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Pragmatics |
Study of how language is used to communicate meaning within situational text. |
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Grammar |
The study of the internal structure of language |
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What areas can grammar be divided into? |
Semantics, syntax, morphology, phonology |
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Who made the 4 maxims? |
Paul Grice 1975 |
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Conversational Maxims |
All conversations are governed by cooperative principals |
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Flouting |
The violation of a maxim |
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Maxim of quantity |
No or less informative than required |
Tom: What are you reading Jerry: A book. |
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Maxim of quality |
Truthful and based of significant evidence |
Reno is capitol of Nevada London is capitol of new Jersey |
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Maxim of relation |
Relative to conversation |
What time is it The papers already come |
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Maxim of manner |
Expressed in a clear way |
Let's eat But not B-U-R-G-E-R-S |
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Speech act |
Illocutionary act and locitonary act |
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Locutionary act |
Act of uttering the sentence from a language |
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Illuctionary act |
What the speaker dies in uttering a sentence |
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Who made the 6 illucutionary acts |
John Searle 1976 |
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Representative act |
Used to describe state of affairs |
Gia plans badminton |
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Expressive act |
Tells emotion or state of being |
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Declarative act |
Changes status of some entity |
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Directive |
Gets hearer to do something |
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Commissive |
Commits the speaker to do something |
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Question |
Asks hearer to provide information |
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Anology definition and example |
Another/alongside words (in other words) Ex: Hardware:Computer |
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Idiolect |
An indiosyncratic variety of language and dialect employed by a single speaker |
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Nativism |
The view that we are born with an innate understanding of language (Nature) |
Noam Chomsky |
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Empircism |
Born without any innate understanding of language (Nurture) |
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Onomastics |
Study of names in human language |
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Language Variation |
The study of linguistic features that differ systematically when one compares different groups of teachers to same speaker in different situation |
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3 main areas of semantics |
Sense, reference and truth |
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Semantics |
Study of the linguistic meaning of words, clauses, phrases and sentences |
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Denotation |
Core sense of a word (literal meaning) |
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Connotation |
Associations attached to a word (Intentionality) |
Train Choo choo |
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Example of a binary antonym |
Dead or alive |
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Example of Gradable antonym |
Large vs small |
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Converse antonym |
In, out in between |
Needs third factor to differenciate meaning |
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Speaker reference |
Pragmatic element (connotation) |
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Linguistic reference |
Literal only (denotation) |
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What are 4 subfield of grammar? |
Semsntics: Meaning Syntax:sentence structyre Morphology: word for a formation Phonology: sound system |
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Idiom |
Worn out metaphor ex: raining cats and dogs |
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Similie |
Using the words like or as for a comparison |
Life is like a box of chocolate |
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Metaphor |
Figure of speech that ascribes to one concept attributes normally associated with another |
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Dead metaphor |
When a metaphor becomes so common people no longer recognize it as figurative Ex: body of speech |
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Tertium Comparationis |
The quality that the 2 generally unlike things being compared have in common |
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Metaphoric language |
Sub language formed by use of non cryptic albeit shared system of allude references shared by a group |
Ultimate insiders language |
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English is made up of what 3 languages? |
German, french and Latin. |
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Morphology |
Study of the internal structure of words |
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Etymology |
The study of the origin and history of a word |
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Morpheme |
Minimal linguistic unit having +- meaning associated with +- form |
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Lexical morpheme |
Independent meaning Ex:door |
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Grammatical morpheme |
Specifies relationships amoung other morphemes Ex:like, at, in, on |
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Free morpheme |
Can stand alone as own word in sentence |
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Bound morphemes |
Cannot stand alone in a sentence |
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Language variation |
Study of features of a language that differ systematically as we compare different groups of speakers or same speaker in different situations |
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Language universals |
Catagories and rules that all human language past and present have in common |
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Dialect |
Systematic variation of language set to a group |
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What are 3 types of variation in a language? |
Social, stylistic and regional |
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Regional lexical variation example |
Pail versus bucket |
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First language aquistion |
Study of how human beings require grammar |
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Neologism |
Creation of new words |
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Pidgen |
Temporary linguistics arising from cross linguistic cintact5 |
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Idiodialect |
Variety of language employed by a single speaker |
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Linguistics |
The study of psychological system that underlies human language production and interpretation |
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Phonology |
The study and structure of the systematic pattern to speech sounds in human language |
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Phonetics |
The study of how humans make, transmit and receive speech sounds |
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Pronoun |
Stands in for a noun or pronoun |
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Adjective |
Modifies noun or pronoun |
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Determiner |
Specific limited adjectives |
A, an, the |
