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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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morpheme
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elemental units that comprise words
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roots
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part of morpheme that remains
ex: system-->systematically |
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derivational
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un from unwelcome
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inflectional
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ex: -ing, -s, -ed
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base/stem
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-atic, -al, -ly, etc
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morphology
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study of word formation and internal structure of words
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bound morpheme
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always part of other words, never can stand alone
ex: -dom from kingdom |
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free morpheme
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can stand alone
ex: king |
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affixes
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added to words: prefixes, suffixes, infixes, etc
bound morpheme |
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open class/lexical categories
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free morpheme: N, V
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closed class/functional categories
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articles, conjuncitons, etc
no real meaning? |
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compounds
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laptop, rocking chair, White House
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blends
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brunch
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acronyms
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NASA
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eponyms
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john=toilet
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back formations
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ex: enthuse from enthusiasm
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clippings
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ex: fan from fanatic
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phrasal categories
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Noun Phrase, Verb Phrase, etc
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lexical categories
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noun, verb, etc
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functional categories
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determiner, auxiliary, comp...
not composable--the basest |
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phrase structure rules
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ex: NP--> Det (A) N
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head (of phrase)
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central word of phrase that defines the type
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complement (of phrase)
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constituents in a phrase other than the head that completes the meaning of the phrase which is C-selected by the verb.
ex: found a puppy C= puppy H=found |
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d-structures
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basic phrase structure trees of the language
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c-selection
or subcategorization |
the classifying of verbs and other lexical itmes in terms of the syntactic category of the completments that they accept.
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transformational rule, transformation
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derives a new structure by moving or inserting elements
ex:John saw who? (d-structure) Who did John see?(s-structure) |
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s-structure
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output of the transformational rules; the structure to which the pohonological rules of language apply
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inflection
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head of the sentence
specifies time frame for sentence (ex: swimS, stareD) |
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complementizer phrases (CP)
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ex: hope THAT HE WILL CALL ME
complementizer: that, for sentence within a sentence CP-->C S |
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recursive rule
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a phrase structure rule that repeats its own category on its right side
ex: VP-->VP PP |
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WH and/or question words
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often moved to beginning of the sentence (but not always)
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