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419 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What language families are spoken in Africa? |
Nilo-Saharan, Afro-Asiatic, Niger-Congo, Khoisan, Indo-European, Austronesian |
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|
What are the five branches of Afro-Asiatic language family? |
Semitic, Cushitic, Chadic, Berber, Egyptian |
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What are the main phases of history of egyptian language? |
Middle, Late, Old, Coptic, Demotic |
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Name one Berber language |
Tuareg |
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Where are Nilo-Saharan languages spoken? |
Kenya, Cameroon |
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list three languages in nilo-saharan language family |
fur, komuz, songhai |
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list two characteristics in nilo-saharan morphology |
internal inflection nouns have three genders |
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where are khoisan languages spoken |
south africa |
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how many families does niger congo have |
10 |
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how many speakers and how many languages does niger congo family have |
1436 languages, 400 million speakers |
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most important characteristic of khoisan phonology |
click consonants |
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what is the biggest branch of niger congo |
benue congo |
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how are bantu languages classified |
15 zones based partly on geographical contiguity and partly on shared norms |
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list at least 5 characteristics of bantu languages |
open syllables high and low tones are distinctive agglutinative languages mostly SVO word order complex verbal tense and aspect system |
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explain the tense system of bantu languages |
complex number of distinctions made among tenses two degree of future and up to four degrees of past are not rare |
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briefly explain zulu consonantal phonemes |
4 nasals basic click consonants that can be aspirated, voiced, nasalized voiced+voiceless lateral fricatives |
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|
explain the stress in zulu |
stress falls on second last syllable stressed vowel is lengthened some words have secondary stress |
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explain the tone system in zulu |
two tone system tone sandhi tone is not usually marked |
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what are noun classes in zulu |
assigned to classes according to the form of their prefixes noun prefixes indicate general semantic field to which a noun belongs |
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what is concordial agreement in zulu |
categories in a language that are gramatically related to the noun and show agreement withthe class of the noun |
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what are the three types of pronouns in zulu |
prefix, suffix, absolute |
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what are the three types of qualifiers in zulu |
enumeratives, determinatives, adjectives |
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|
explain the typical verb structure in zulu |
agglutinating subject concord+tense marker+object concord+root+final suffix |
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what are the two forms of present (affirmative) in zulu |
short form (followed by a complement) long form (not followed by a complement |
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what are the three non finite verbal forms in zulu |
infinitive, participle, subjunctive |
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what is the position of relative clauses and possessive phrases in zulu |
follow the head noun |
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how are 'what' questions formed in zulu |
adding the suffix -ni |
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how are yes/no questions formed in zulu |
adding particle na to end of sentence |
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what is the preferred word order in zulu |
SVO |
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what are the two changes foreign loanwords in zulu undergo |
altered vocabulary assigned to a noun class |
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|
main characteristics of Hlonphia |
radically altered vocabulary have to avoid words that sound like the names of their male in laws |
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|
how many australian languages are still being learned by children |
20 |
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what is the biggest australian language? how many people speak it? |
Western Desert; more than 4000 speakers |
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why is it difficult establishing genetic relationships between australian languages? |
isolation and long history of contact between languages means australian linguistic area has many common phonological and grammatical features paucity of data |
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|
where are non-pama-nyangan languages spoken in australia |
north-central part of australia |
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how many language families are there in the non-pama-nyangan linguistic area |
28 language families |
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what are four main characteristics of pama-nyangan languages |
number of widespread roots mainly agglutinating nouns take ergative case marking verbs are marked for aspect, tense, mood |
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|
what are the three main characteristics of non-pama-nyangan langauges |
agglutination and fusion both prefixes and suffixes semantic system of personal pronominal prefixes |
|
|
what types of consonants are not represented in australian languages |
fricatives and affricates |
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|
how many laterals and rhotics do australian languages have |
more than one lateral, at least two rhotics |
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australian languages tend to only have one set of stop sounds differing in one way. which way? |
place of articulation |
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are pronouns in australian bound or free |
bound |
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what kind of distal contrast do demonstratives in australian languages display |
four term distal contrast - further, nearby, close, distant) |
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what types of verbs do australian languages use instead of simple copula verbs |
verbs with specific meaning indicating the position of the subject (humped, vertical, horizontal, neutral) |
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what is the preferred word order in australian? |
relatively free |
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what is the hierarchial principal of ordering pronominal suffixes in australian languages? |
1st, 2nd, 3rd, plu, 3r, sing |
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what are the main reasons for the extraordinary linguistics diversity of new guinea? |
great time depth for language diversification lengthy isolation of the area extreme political fragmentation geographic barriers |
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how many papuan languages are there |
700 languages |
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how many languages are spoken in papua new guinea? |
900 languages |
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how many language families and isolates do Papuan languages consist of |
23 families; 10 isolates |
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what are the two largest papuan language families |
trans new guinea and torricelli |
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how big is the trans new guinea language family |
fourth largest in the world with 400 languages |
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Which are the three biggest Papuan languages |
Enga, medylpa, western Dani |
|
|
Which are the three biggest Papuan languages |
Enga, medylpa, western Dani |
|
|
How many speakers does Polynesia have |
Close to 1 million speakers |
|
|
What are the four biggest Polynesian languages in terms of number of speakers |
Tonga, samaon, Tahitian, Maori |
|
|
List six Polynesian language characteristics |
Basic word order SVO mostly Worlds smallest phoneme inventory Limited number of derivational affixes Limited number of inflectional affixes No case endings Prepositions mark function of a word |
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|
When we're Hawaiian islands first populated |
First century AD |
|
|
How important are differences in Hawaiian dialects? |
Variations are not significant |
|
|
How many consonants and vowels does Hawaiian have? |
8 consonants; 5 vowels |
|
|
Explain the vowel structure in Hawaiian |
Can either be short or long First vowel sound in diphthong is always stressed No consonant clusters |
|
|
Explain stress in hawainb |
Last syllable if it is long, second last syllable if it is short |
|
|
Explain the structure of noun phrases in Hawaiin |
Preposition, determiner, noun, modifier |
|
|
What are the three types of nominal particles in Hawaiian |
Prepositions, determinatives, plural markers |
|
|
Explain the structure of Papuan syllables |
Closed syllables are common Consonant clusters often permitted |
|
|
What are the three prepositional particles in hawaiib |
Nominatives, objective, agentive |
|
|
What are two types of possession in Hawaiin |
A- indicated active control over ownership O- indicates no control over ownership |
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|
What are the two types of determinatives in Hawaiin |
Articles, demonstratives |
|
|
What is the position of adjectives in hawaiib |
Follow the noun they modify |
|
|
Explain the structure of Papuan pronouns |
Roots for first second and third person pronouns Add suffices for plural sometimes dual |
|
|
Are articles as a word class common in Papuan languages? |
Very few languages have articles |
|
|
Preferred word order in Papuan languages |
SOV |
|
|
Where are austronesian languages spoken |
Asian mainland, taiwan |
|
|
How many oceanic languages are there |
500 |
|
|
Where and when did Proto Polynesian devleop |
Tonga and Samoa; first millennium AD |
|
|
When and where was proto-austronesian spoken? |
8000 years ago, on Asian mainland |
|
|
Where are Polynesian languages spoken |
Polynesia, Melanesia, Micronesia |
|
|
Which are the three biggest Papuan languages |
Enga, medylpa, western Dani |
|
|
How many speakers does Polynesia have |
Close to 1 million speakers |
|
|
What are the four biggest Polynesian languages in terms of number of speakers |
Tonga, samaon, Tahitian, Maori |
|
|
List six Polynesian language characteristics |
Basic word order SVO mostly Worlds smallest phoneme inventory Limited number of derivational affixes Limited number of inflectional affixes No case endings Prepositions mark function of a word |
|
|
When we're Hawaiian islands first populated |
First century AD |
|
|
How important are differences in Hawaiian dialects? |
Variations are not significant |
|
|
How many consonants and vowels does Hawaiian have? |
8 consonants; 5 vowels |
|
|
Explain the vowel structure in Hawaiian |
Can either be short or long First vowel sound in diphthong is always stressed No consonant clusters |
|
|
Explain stress in hawainb |
Last syllable if it is long, second last syllable if it is short |
|
|
Explain the structure of noun phrases in Hawaiin |
Preposition, determiner, noun, modifier |
|
|
What are the three types of nominal particles in Hawaiian |
Prepositions, determinatives, plural markers |
|
|
Explain the structure of Papuan syllables |
Closed syllables are common Consonant clusters often permitted |
|
|
What are the three prepositional particles in hawaiib |
Nominatives, objective, agentive |
|
|
What are two types of possession in Hawaiin |
A- indicated active control over ownership O- indicates no control over ownership |
|
|
What are the two types of determinatives in Hawaiin |
Articles, demonstratives |
|
|
What is the position of adjectives in hawaiib |
Follow the noun they modify |
|
|
What are the difference between adjectives and adverbs in hawaiin |
How and where they are placed in a sentence |
|
|
Explain the structure of Papuan pronouns |
Roots for first second and third person pronouns Add suffices for plural sometimes dual |
|
|
Are articles as a word class common in Papuan languages? |
Very few languages have articles |
|
|
Preferred word order in Papuan languages |
SOV |
|
|
Where are austronesian languages spoken |
Asian mainland, taiwan |
|
|
How many oceanic languages are there |
500 |
|
|
Where and when did Proto Polynesian devleop |
Tonga and Samoa; first millennium AD |
|
|
When and where was proto-austronesian spoken? |
8000 years ago, on Asian mainland |
|
|
Where are Polynesian languages spoken |
Polynesia, Melanesia, Micronesia |
|
|
Which are the three biggest Papuan languages |
Enga, medylpa, western Dani |
|
|
How many speakers does Polynesia have |
Close to 1 million speakers |
|
|
What are the four biggest Polynesian languages in terms of number of speakers |
Tonga, samaon, Tahitian, Maori |
|
|
List six Polynesian language characteristics |
Basic word order SVO mostly Worlds smallest phoneme inventory Limited number of derivational affixes Limited number of inflectional affixes No case endings Prepositions mark function of a word |
|
|
When we're Hawaiian islands first populated |
First century AD |
|
|
How important are differences in Hawaiian dialects? |
Variations are not significant |
|
|
How many consonants and vowels does Hawaiian have? |
8 consonants; 5 vowels |
|
|
Explain the vowel structure in Hawaiian |
Can either be short or long First vowel sound in diphthong is always stressed No consonant clusters |
|
|
Explain stress in hawainb |
Last syllable if it is long, second last syllable if it is short |
|
|
Explain the structure of noun phrases in Hawaiin |
Preposition, determiner, noun, modifier |
|
|
What are the three types of nominal particles in Hawaiian |
Prepositions, determinatives, plural markers |
|
|
Explain the structure of Papuan syllables |
Closed syllables are common Consonant clusters often permitted |
|
|
What are the three prepositional particles in hawaiib |
Nominatives, objective, agentive |
|
|
What are two types of possession in Hawaiin |
A- indicated active control over ownership O- indicates no control over ownership |
|
|
What are the two types of determinatives in Hawaiin |
Articles, demonstratives |
|
|
What is the position of adjectives in hawaiib |
Follow the noun they modify |
|
|
What are the difference between adjectives and adverbs in hawaiin |
How and where they are placed in a sentence |
|
|
Explain pronouns in Hawaiian |
Singular, dual, plural For dual and plural there is inclusive and exclusive forms |
|
|
Explain the structure of Papuan pronouns |
Roots for first second and third person pronouns Add suffices for plural sometimes dual |
|
|
Are articles as a word class common in Papuan languages? |
Very few languages have articles |
|
|
Preferred word order in Papuan languages |
SOV |
|
|
Where are austronesian languages spoken |
Asian mainland, taiwan |
|
|
How many oceanic languages are there |
500 |
|
|
Where and when did Proto Polynesian devleop |
Tonga and Samoa; first millennium AD |
|
|
When and where was proto-austronesian spoken? |
8000 years ago, on Asian mainland |
|
|
Where are Polynesian languages spoken |
Polynesia, Melanesia, Micronesia |
|
|
Which are the three biggest Papuan languages |
Enga, medylpa, western Dani |
|
|
How many speakers does Polynesia have |
Close to 1 million speakers |
|
|
What are the four biggest Polynesian languages in terms of number of speakers |
Tonga, samaon, Tahitian, Maori |
|
|
List six Polynesian language characteristics |
Basic word order SVO mostly Worlds smallest phoneme inventory Limited number of derivational affixes Limited number of inflectional affixes No case endings Prepositions mark function of a word |
|
|
When we're Hawaiian islands first populated |
First century AD |
|
|
How important are differences in Hawaiian dialects? |
Variations are not significant |
|
|
How many consonants and vowels does Hawaiian have? |
8 consonants; 5 vowels |
|
|
Explain the vowel structure in Hawaiian |
Can either be short or long First vowel sound in diphthong is always stressed No consonant clusters |
|
|
Explain stress in hawainb |
Last syllable if it is long, second last syllable if it is short |
|
|
Explain the structure of noun phrases in Hawaiin |
Preposition, determiner, noun, modifier |
|
|
What are the three types of nominal particles in Hawaiian |
Prepositions, determinatives, plural markers |
|
|
Explain the structure of Papuan syllables |
Closed syllables are common Consonant clusters often permitted |
|
|
What are the three prepositional particles in hawaiib |
Nominatives, objective, agentive |
|
|
What are two types of possession in Hawaiin |
A- indicated active control over ownership O- indicates no control over ownership |
|
|
What are the two types of determinatives in Hawaiin |
Articles, demonstratives |
|
|
What is the position of adjectives in hawaiib |
Follow the noun they modify |
|
|
What are the difference between adjectives and adverbs in hawaiin |
How and where they are placed in a sentence |
|
|
Explain pronouns in Hawaiian |
Singular, dual, plural For dual and plural there is inclusive and exclusive forms |
|
|
List at least four verbal particles in Hawaiian |
Perfective marker Imperfective marker Infinitive marker Progressive aspect |
|
|
Explain the structure of Papuan pronouns |
Roots for first second and third person pronouns Add suffices for plural sometimes dual |
|
|
Are articles as a word class common in Papuan languages? |
Very few languages have articles |
|
|
Preferred word order in Papuan languages |
SOV |
|
|
Where are austronesian languages spoken |
Asian mainland, taiwan |
|
|
How many oceanic languages are there |
500 |
|
|
Where and when did Proto Polynesian devleop |
Tonga and Samoa; first millennium AD |
|
|
When and where was proto-austronesian spoken? |
8000 years ago, on Asian mainland |
|
|
Where are Polynesian languages spoken |
Polynesia, Melanesia, Micronesia |
|
|
Which are the three biggest Papuan languages |
Enga, medylpa, western Dani |
|
|
How many speakers does Polynesia have |
Close to 1 million speakers |
|
|
What are the four biggest Polynesian languages in terms of number of speakers |
Tonga, samaon, Tahitian, Maori |
|
|
List six Polynesian language characteristics |
Basic word order SVO mostly Worlds smallest phoneme inventory Limited number of derivational affixes Limited number of inflectional affixes No case endings Prepositions mark function of a word |
|
|
When we're Hawaiian islands first populated |
First century AD |
|
|
How important are differences in Hawaiian dialects? |
Variations are not significant |
|
|
How many consonants and vowels does Hawaiian have? |
8 consonants; 5 vowels |
|
|
Explain the vowel structure in Hawaiian |
Can either be short or long First vowel sound in diphthong is always stressed No consonant clusters |
|
|
Explain stress in hawainb |
Last syllable if it is long, second last syllable if it is short |
|
|
Explain the structure of noun phrases in Hawaiin |
Preposition, determiner, noun, modifier |
|
|
What are the three types of nominal particles in Hawaiian |
Prepositions, determinatives, plural markers |
|
|
Explain the structure of Papuan syllables |
Closed syllables are common Consonant clusters often permitted |
|
|
What are the three prepositional particles in hawaiib |
Nominatives, objective, agentive |
|
|
What are two types of possession in Hawaiin |
A- indicated active control over ownership O- indicates no control over ownership |
|
|
What are the two types of determinatives in Hawaiin |
Articles, demonstratives |
|
|
What is the position of adjectives in hawaiib |
Follow the noun they modify |
|
|
What are the difference between adjectives and adverbs in hawaiin |
How and where they are placed in a sentence |
|
|
Explain pronouns in Hawaiian |
Singular, dual, plural For dual and plural there is inclusive and exclusive forms |
|
|
List at least four verbal particles in Hawaiian |
Perfective marker Imperfective marker Infinitive marker Progressive aspect |
|
|
What is the preferred word order in Hawaiian |
VSO |
|
|
Explain the structure of Papuan pronouns |
Roots for first second and third person pronouns Add suffices for plural sometimes dual |
|
|
Are articles as a word class common in Papuan languages? |
Very few languages have articles |
|
|
Preferred word order in Papuan languages |
SOV |
|
|
Where are austronesian languages spoken |
Asian mainland, taiwan |
|
|
How many oceanic languages are there |
500 |
|
|
Where and when did Proto Polynesian devleop |
Tonga and Samoa; first millennium AD |
|
|
When and where was proto-austronesian spoken? |
8000 years ago, on Asian mainland |
|
|
Where are Polynesian languages spoken |
Polynesia, Melanesia, Micronesia |
|
|
Which are the three biggest Papuan languages |
Enga, medylpa, western Dani |
|
|
How many speakers does Polynesia have |
Close to 1 million speakers |
|
|
What are the four biggest Polynesian languages in terms of number of speakers |
Tonga, samaon, Tahitian, Maori |
|
|
List six Polynesian language characteristics |
Basic word order SVO mostly Worlds smallest phoneme inventory Limited number of derivational affixes Limited number of inflectional affixes No case endings Prepositions mark function of a word |
|
|
When we're Hawaiian islands first populated |
First century AD |
|
|
How important are differences in Hawaiian dialects? |
Variations are not significant |
|
|
How many consonants and vowels does Hawaiian have? |
8 consonants; 5 vowels |
|
|
Explain the vowel structure in Hawaiian |
Can either be short or long First vowel sound in diphthong is always stressed No consonant clusters |
|
|
Explain stress in hawainb |
Last syllable if it is long, second last syllable if it is short |
|
|
Explain the structure of noun phrases in Hawaiin |
Preposition, determiner, noun, modifier |
|
|
What are the three types of nominal particles in Hawaiian |
Prepositions, determinatives, plural markers |
|
|
Explain the structure of Papuan syllables |
Closed syllables are common Consonant clusters often permitted |
|
|
What are the three prepositional particles in hawaiib |
Nominatives, objective, agentive |
|
|
What are two types of possession in Hawaiin |
A- indicated active control over ownership O- indicates no control over ownership |
|
|
What are the two types of determinatives in Hawaiin |
Articles, demonstratives |
|
|
What is the position of adjectives in hawaiib |
Follow the noun they modify |
|
|
What are the difference between adjectives and adverbs in hawaiin |
How and where they are placed in a sentence |
|
|
Explain pronouns in Hawaiian |
Singular, dual, plural For dual and plural there is inclusive and exclusive forms |
|
|
List at least four verbal particles in Hawaiian |
Perfective marker Imperfective marker Infinitive marker Progressive aspect |
|
|
What is the preferred word order in Hawaiian |
VSO |
|
|
How are yes/no questions formed in Hawaiian? |
Distinguished from affirmative sentences only by intonation |
|
|
Explain the structure of Papuan pronouns |
Roots for first second and third person pronouns Add suffices for plural sometimes dual |
|
|
Are articles as a word class common in Papuan languages? |
Very few languages have articles |
|
|
Preferred word order in Papuan languages |
SOV |
|
|
Where are austronesian languages spoken |
Asian mainland, taiwan |
|
|
How many oceanic languages are there |
500 |
|
|
Where and when did Proto Polynesian devleop |
Tonga and Samoa; first millennium AD |
|
|
When and where was proto-austronesian spoken? |
8000 years ago, on Asian mainland |
|
|
Where are Polynesian languages spoken |
Polynesia, Melanesia, Micronesia |
|
|
Which are the three biggest Papuan languages |
Enga, medylpa, western Dani |
|
|
How many speakers does Polynesia have |
Close to 1 million speakers |
|
|
What are the four biggest Polynesian languages in terms of number of speakers |
Tonga, samaon, Tahitian, Maori |
|
|
List six Polynesian language characteristics |
Basic word order SVO mostly Worlds smallest phoneme inventory Limited number of derivational affixes Limited number of inflectional affixes No case endings Prepositions mark function of a word |
|
|
When we're Hawaiian islands first populated |
First century AD |
|
|
How important are differences in Hawaiian dialects? |
Variations are not significant |
|
|
How many consonants and vowels does Hawaiian have? |
8 consonants; 5 vowels |
|
|
Explain the vowel structure in Hawaiian |
Can either be short or long First vowel sound in diphthong is always stressed No consonant clusters |
|
|
Explain stress in hawainb |
Last syllable if it is long, second last syllable if it is short |
|
|
Explain the structure of noun phrases in Hawaiin |
Preposition, determiner, noun, modifier |
|
|
What are the three types of nominal particles in Hawaiian |
Prepositions, determinatives, plural markers |
|
|
Explain the structure of Papuan syllables |
Closed syllables are common Consonant clusters often permitted |
|
|
What are the three prepositional particles in hawaiib |
Nominatives, objective, agentive |
|
|
What are two types of possession in Hawaiin |
A- indicated active control over ownership O- indicates no control over ownership |
|
|
What are the two types of determinatives in Hawaiin |
Articles, demonstratives |
|
|
What is the position of adjectives in hawaiib |
Follow the noun they modify |
|
|
What are the difference between adjectives and adverbs in hawaiin |
How and where they are placed in a sentence |
|
|
Explain pronouns in Hawaiian |
Singular, dual, plural For dual and plural there is inclusive and exclusive forms |
|
|
List at least four verbal particles in Hawaiian |
Perfective marker Imperfective marker Infinitive marker Progressive aspect |
|
|
What is the preferred word order in Hawaiian |
VSO |
|
|
How are yes/no questions formed in Hawaiian? |
Distinguished from affirmative sentences only by intonation |
|
|
How are content questions formed in Hawaiian? |
Using various interrogative words which changes the sentence questioned, without change in word order |
|
|
Explain the structure of Papuan pronouns |
Roots for first second and third person pronouns Add suffices for plural sometimes dual |
|
|
Are articles as a word class common in Papuan languages? |
Very few languages have articles |
|
|
Preferred word order in Papuan languages |
SOV |
|
|
Where are austronesian languages spoken |
Asian mainland, taiwan |
|
|
How many oceanic languages are there |
500 |
|
|
Where and when did Proto Polynesian devleop |
Tonga and Samoa; first millennium AD |
|
|
When and where was proto-austronesian spoken? |
8000 years ago, on Asian mainland |
|
|
Where are Polynesian languages spoken |
Polynesia, Melanesia, Micronesia |
|
|
Which are the three biggest Papuan languages |
Enga, medylpa, western Dani |
|
|
How many speakers does Polynesia have |
Close to 1 million speakers |
|
|
What are the four biggest Polynesian languages in terms of number of speakers |
Tonga, samaon, Tahitian, Maori |
|
|
List six Polynesian language characteristics |
Basic word order SVO mostly Worlds smallest phoneme inventory Limited number of derivational affixes Limited number of inflectional affixes No case endings Prepositions mark function of a word |
|
|
When we're Hawaiian islands first populated |
First century AD |
|
|
How important are differences in Hawaiian dialects? |
Variations are not significant |
|
|
How many consonants and vowels does Hawaiian have? |
8 consonants; 5 vowels |
|
|
Explain the vowel structure in Hawaiian |
Can either be short or long First vowel sound in diphthong is always stressed No consonant clusters |
|
|
Explain stress in hawainb |
Last syllable if it is long, second last syllable if it is short |
|
|
Explain the structure of noun phrases in Hawaiin |
Preposition, determiner, noun, modifier |
|
|
What are the three types of nominal particles in Hawaiian |
Prepositions, determinatives, plural markers |
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Explain the structure of Papuan syllables |
Closed syllables are common Consonant clusters often permitted |
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What are the three prepositional particles in hawaiib |
Nominatives, objective, agentive |
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What are two types of possession in Hawaiin |
A- indicated active control over ownership O- indicates no control over ownership |
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What are the two types of determinatives in Hawaiin |
Articles, demonstratives |
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What is the position of adjectives in hawaiib |
Follow the noun they modify |
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What are the difference between adjectives and adverbs in hawaiin |
How and where they are placed in a sentence |
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Explain pronouns in Hawaiian |
Singular, dual, plural For dual and plural there is inclusive and exclusive forms |
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List at least four verbal particles in Hawaiian |
Perfective marker Imperfective marker Infinitive marker Progressive aspect |
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What is the preferred word order in Hawaiian |
VSO |
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How are yes/no questions formed in Hawaiian? |
Distinguished from affirmative sentences only by intonation |
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How are content questions formed in Hawaiian? |
Using various interrogative words which changes the sentence questioned, without change in word order |
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Explain the structure of Papuan pronouns |
Roots for first second and third person pronouns Add suffices for plural sometimes dual |
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How many language families and isolates spoken in North America? |
27 families; 30 isolates |
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Are articles as a word class common in Papuan languages? |
Very few languages have articles |
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Preferred word order in Papuan languages |
SOV |
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Where are austronesian languages spoken |
Asian mainland, taiwan |
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How many oceanic languages are there |
500 |
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Where and when did Proto Polynesian devleop |
Tonga and Samoa; first millennium AD |
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When and where was proto-austronesian spoken? |
8000 years ago, on Asian mainland |
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Where are Polynesian languages spoken |
Polynesia, Melanesia, Micronesia |
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What language families is spoken in Asia and North America? |
Eskimo-Aleut |
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What language families is spoken in Asia and North America? |
Eskimo-Aleut |
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List seven North America language families |
Eskimo-Aleut, Caddoan, Siouan, Algic, Wakashan, Iroquoian, Salishan |
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What language families is spoken in Asia and North America? |
Eskimo-Aleut |
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List seven North America language families |
Eskimo-Aleut, Caddoan, Siouan, Algic, Wakashan, Iroquoian, Salishan |
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Two isolated spoken in North America |
Zuni, Haida |
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What language families is spoken in Asia and North America? |
Eskimo-Aleut |
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List seven North America language families |
Eskimo-Aleut, Caddoan, Siouan, Algic, Wakashan, Iroquoian, Salishan |
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Two isolated spoken in North America |
Zuni, Haida |
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Why are North American isolates listen but might not be isolates? |
Not much information known about them Difficult to compare them with different language families |
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What language families is spoken in Asia and North America? |
Eskimo-Aleut |
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List seven North America language families |
Eskimo-Aleut, Caddoan, Siouan, Algic, Wakashan, Iroquoian, Salishan |
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Two isolated spoken in North America |
Zuni, Haida |
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Why are North American isolates listen but might not be isolates? |
Not much information known about them Difficult to compare them with different language families |
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What are the three biggest North American languages in terms of number of speakers? |
Navajo, Greenlandic Inuit, cree |
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What are the two most important mesoamerican language families? |
Mayan, uto-aztecan |
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What are the two most important mesoamerican language families? |
Mayan, uto-aztecan |
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How do we explain the emergence of the mesoamerican linguistic area? |
Diffusion of structural features across linguistic boundaries Coincides closely with cultural area Formed simultaneously through the same patterns of constant and exchange |
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What are the two most important mesoamerican language families? |
Mayan, uto-aztecan |
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How do we explain the emergence of the mesoamerican linguistic area? |
Diffusion of structural features across linguistic boundaries Coincides closely with cultural area Formed simultaneously through the same patterns of constant and exchange |
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Six characteristics of mesoamerican languages |
Numeral classifiers Final devoicing of sonorants Absence of verb final word order Plurals are absent or limited to human nouns Many semantic loan translations Locative derived from specific body parts |
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What is the most important uto-aztecan language? |
Nahuatl |
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What is the most important uto-aztecan language? |
Nahuatl |
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What mesoamerican language had its own script in pre Colombian times? |
Yucatec |
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What is the most important uto-aztecan language? |
Nahuatl |
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What mesoamerican language had its own script in pre Colombian times? |
Yucatec |
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How many Mayan languages are there |
31 languages |
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What is the most important uto-aztecan language? |
Nahuatl |
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What mesoamerican language had its own script in pre Colombian times? |
Yucatec |
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How many Mayan languages are there |
31 languages |
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What are the three biggest Mayan languages |
Mam, k'iche, q'eqchi |
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What is the most important uto-aztecan language? |
Nahuatl |
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What mesoamerican language had its own script in pre Colombian times? |
Yucatec |
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How many Mayan languages are there |
31 languages |
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What are the three biggest Mayan languages |
Mam, k'iche, q'eqchi |
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What are the four main word classes in Mayan languages? |
Nouns, verbs, adjectives, statives |
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What are the three verb classes in Mayan languages? |
Transitives, intransitives, positionals |
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What are the three verb classes in Mayan languages? |
Transitives, intransitives, positionals |
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What is the preferred word order in Mayan languages? |
VSO or VOS |
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What are the three verb classes in Mayan languages? |
Transitives, intransitives, positionals |
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What is the preferred word order in Mayan languages? |
VSO or VOS |
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What are the three biggest South American languages in terms of number of speakers? |
Quecha, Aymara, guarani |
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What are the three verb classes in Mayan languages? |
Transitives, intransitives, positionals |
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What is the preferred word order in Mayan languages? |
VSO or VOS |
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What are the three biggest South American languages in terms of number of speakers? |
Quecha, Aymara, guarani |
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List 8 South American language families |
Cariban, Aymara, warao, tupian, Quechuan, Arawakan, tucanoan, chibchan |
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What are the three verb classes in Mayan languages? |
Transitives, intransitives, positionals |
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What is the preferred word order in Mayan languages? |
VSO or VOS |
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What are the three biggest South American languages in terms of number of speakers? |
Quecha, Aymara, guarani |
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List 8 South American language families |
Cariban, Aymara, warao, tupian, Quechuan, Arawakan, tucanoan, chibchan |
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Which two native South American languages are official languages? |
Guarani, Quechuan |
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What are the three verb classes in Mayan languages? |
Transitives, intransitives, positionals |
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What is the preferred word order in Mayan languages? |
VSO or VOS |
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What are the three biggest South American languages in terms of number of speakers? |
Quecha, Aymara, guarani |
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List 8 South American language families |
Cariban, Aymara, warao, tupian, Quechuan, Arawakan, tucanoan, chibchan |
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Which two native South American languages are official languages? |
Guarani, Quechuan |
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Where are the chibchan languages spoken? |
Central and South America |
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What are the three verb classes in Mayan languages? |
Transitives, intransitives, positionals |
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What is the preferred word order in Mayan languages? |
VSO or VOS |
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What are the three biggest South American languages in terms of number of speakers? |
Quecha, Aymara, guarani |
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List 8 South American language families |
Cariban, Aymara, warao, tupian, Quechuan, Arawakan, tucanoan, chibchan |
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Which two native South American languages are official languages? |
Guarani, Quechuan |
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Where are the chibchan languages spoken? |
Central and South America |
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How is adjectival meaning described in cariban languages? |
By nouns or descriptive verbs |
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What are the three verb classes in Mayan languages? |
Transitives, intransitives, positionals |
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What is the preferred word order in Mayan languages? |
VSO or VOS |
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What are the three biggest South American languages in terms of number of speakers? |
Quecha, Aymara, guarani |
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List 8 South American language families |
Cariban, Aymara, warao, tupian, Quechuan, Arawakan, tucanoan, chibchan |
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Which two native South American languages are official languages? |
Guarani, Quechuan |
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Where are the chibchan languages spoken? |
Central and South America |
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How is adjectival meaning described in cariban languages? |
By nouns or descriptive verbs |
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What does the term Warao mean? |
Lowland people or marshland people |
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What are the three verb classes in Mayan languages? |
Transitives, intransitives, positionals |
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What is the preferred word order in Mayan languages? |
VSO or VOS |
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What are the three biggest South American languages in terms of number of speakers? |
Quecha, Aymara, guarani |
|
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List 8 South American language families |
Cariban, Aymara, warao, tupian, Quechuan, Arawakan, tucanoan, chibchan |
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Which two native South American languages are official languages? |
Guarani, Quechuan |
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Where are the chibchan languages spoken? |
Central and South America |
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How is adjectival meaning described in cariban languages? |
By nouns or descriptive verbs |
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What does the term Warao mean? |
Lowland people or marshland people |
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What is the preferred word order in warao language? |
OSV |
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What are the three verb classes in Mayan languages? |
Transitives, intransitives, positionals |
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What is the preferred word order in Mayan languages? |
VSO or VOS |
|
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What are the three biggest South American languages in terms of number of speakers? |
Quecha, Aymara, guarani |
|
|
List 8 South American language families |
Cariban, Aymara, warao, tupian, Quechuan, Arawakan, tucanoan, chibchan |
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Which two native South American languages are official languages? |
Guarani, Quechuan |
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Where are the chibchan languages spoken? |
Central and South America |
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How is adjectival meaning described in cariban languages? |
By nouns or descriptive verbs |
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What does the term Warao mean? |
Lowland people or marshland people |
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What is the preferred word order in warao language? |
OSV |
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Explain linguistic exogamy |
Men marry women who speak a different Tucanoan language Children how up in a village learning 2-6 languages Everyone identifies with their fathers language and multilingual |
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What language has 41 different terms for rainforest? |
Matsés language |
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What language has 41 different terms for rainforest? |
Matsés language |
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What is the prestige dialect of Quechua? |
Cuzco Quechua |
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What language has 41 different terms for rainforest? |
Matsés language |
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What is the prestige dialect of Quechua? |
Cuzco Quechua |
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How many Quechuan languages are there? |
7-23 languages |
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What language has 41 different terms for rainforest? |
Matsés language |
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What is the prestige dialect of Quechua? |
Cuzco Quechua |
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How many Quechuan languages are there? |
7-23 languages |
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What does the name Mapuche mean? |
Land people - people of the land |
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What language has 41 different terms for rainforest? |
Matsés language |
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What is the prestige dialect of Quechua? |
Cuzco Quechua |
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How many Quechuan languages are there? |
7-23 languages |
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What does the name Mapuche mean? |
Land people - people of the land |
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List for linguistic areas in South America |
Amazonian languages Southern cone Andean languages Languages of the gran chaco |
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What language has 41 different terms for rainforest? |
Matsés language |
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What is the prestige dialect of Quechua? |
Cuzco Quechua |
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How many Quechuan languages are there? |
7-23 languages |
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What does the name Mapuche mean? |
Land people - people of the land |
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List for linguistic areas in South America |
Amazonian languages Southern cone Andean languages Languages of the gran chaco |
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Name 5 Arawakan languavss |
Campa, wayuu, garifuna, Taino, guajiro |
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What language has 41 different terms for rainforest? |
Matsés language |
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What is the prestige dialect of Quechua? |
Cuzco Quechua |
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|
How many Quechuan languages are there? |
7-23 languages |
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|
What does the name Mapuche mean? |
Land people - people of the land |
|
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List for linguistic areas in South America |
Amazonian languages Southern cone Andean languages Languages of the gran chaco |
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Name 5 Arawakan languavss |
Campa, wayuu, garifuna, Taino, guajiro |
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How many Arawakan languages are spoken today? How many speakers? |
40, and 600,000 speakers |
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What language has 41 different terms for rainforest? |
Matsés language |
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What is the prestige dialect of Quechua? |
Cuzco Quechua |
|
|
How many Quechuan languages are there? |
7-23 languages |
|
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What does the name Mapuche mean? |
Land people - people of the land |
|
|
List for linguistic areas in South America |
Amazonian languages Southern cone Andean languages Languages of the gran chaco |
|
|
Name 5 Arawakan languavss |
Campa, wayuu, garifuna, Taino, guajiro |
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How many Arawakan languages are spoken today? How many speakers? |
40, and 600,000 speakers |
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Where was proto-Arawakan sporkb |
Northern Amazonia |
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What language has 41 different terms for rainforest? |
Matsés language |
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|
What is the prestige dialect of Quechua? |
Cuzco Quechua |
|
|
How many Quechuan languages are there? |
7-23 languages |
|
|
What does the name Mapuche mean? |
Land people - people of the land |
|
|
List for linguistic areas in South America |
Amazonian languages Southern cone Andean languages Languages of the gran chaco |
|
|
Name 5 Arawakan languavss |
Campa, wayuu, garifuna, Taino, guajiro |
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How many Arawakan languages are spoken today? How many speakers? |
40, and 600,000 speakers |
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Where was proto-Arawakan sporkb |
Northern Amazonia |
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What is prevalent morphological system of Arawakan languages? |
Complex verbal morphology Verb roots do not normally occur as free forms Polysynthetic or agglutinating |
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What language has 41 different terms for rainforest? |
Matsés language |
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|
What is the prestige dialect of Quechua? |
Cuzco Quechua |
|
|
How many Quechuan languages are there? |
7-23 languages |
|
|
What does the name Mapuche mean? |
Land people - people of the land |
|
|
List for linguistic areas in South America |
Amazonian languages Southern cone Andean languages Languages of the gran chaco |
|
|
Name 5 Arawakan languavss |
Campa, wayuu, garifuna, Taino, guajiro |
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|
How many Arawakan languages are spoken today? How many speakers? |
40, and 600,000 speakers |
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|
Where was proto-Arawakan sporkb |
Northern Amazonia |
|
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What is prevalent morphological system of Arawakan languages? |
Complex verbal morphology Verb roots do not normally occur as free forms Polysynthetic or agglutinating |
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Explain the structure of syllables in Arawakan languages |
CVVC first v open No consonant clusters C at the beginning of a syllable can be any consonant C at the end can only be a nasal liquid or a glide |
