Linguistics

Front 1

Linguists study language not as an artificial construct but rather as the...

Back 1

output of a native speaker's unconscious ability to correctly identify & put together the sounds in a language, etc.

Front 2

Linguistic competence refers to

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A native speaker's unconscious abilities involving his/her language

Front 3

What extra-linguistic factors can cause performance errors?

Back 3

fatigue or excitement

Front 4

What was the name of the reverend who was famous for transposing sounds or words in a sentence and what was the term given these types of errors?

Back 4

REV. W. A. SPOONER; called "Spoonerisms"

Front 5

Standards that claim one sentence rather than the other is the correct one.

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PRESCRIPTIVE

Front 6

What do linguists interest their studies in concerning grammar?

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linguists are interested in the grammar that constitutes a speaker's linguistic competence. We know that this grammar is real because all native speakers have intuitive knowledge about what constructions are possible in their language

Front 7

The most common way speech sounds are produced (air originates in the lungs and exits through the mouth or nose)

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PULMONIC EGRESSIVE

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egressive sound produced when air is moved out of the mouth by the release of the closed vocal folds

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EJECTIVES

Front 9

Produced when air is sucked into the mouth

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IMPLOSIVES

Front 10

Produced when air is moved around the mouth

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CLICKS

Front 11

When was the International Phonetic Alphabet developed and why is it necessary? What was its purpose?

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1888; because languages of the world are written with different scripts. Also, in many cases there is no predictable correspondence between sound and symbol. It allows linguists to represent the sounds in all the world's languages.

Front 12

consist of symbols for consonants and vowels. The consonants each have an inherent vowel which can be changed to another vowel or muted by means of diacritics. Vowels can also be written with separate letters when they occur at the beginning of a word or on their own.

Back 12

SYLLABIC ALPHABETS

Front 13

What are two examples of logographic systems?

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CHINESE AND HIEROGLYPHICS

Front 14

Logographic alphabets have characters that represent both __ and ___

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SOUND & MEANING

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symbols which represent parts of words or whole words. Some logograms resemble the things they represent and are sometimes known as pictograms or pictographs.

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LOGOGRAMS

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symbols which graphically represent abstract ideas

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IDEOGRAMS

Front 17

symbols which include a semantic element, which represents or hints at the meaning of the symbol, and a phonetic element, which denotes or hints at the pronunciation.

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SEMANTIC-PHONETIC COMPOUNDS

Front 18

How are the vocal folds arranged during normal breathing?

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RELAXED AND SPREAD APART

Front 19

WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE GLOTTIS

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allows free passage of air into and out of the lungs

Front 20

WHat kind of sound is produced when the vocal folds are separated and DO NOT vibrate?

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VOICELESS

Front 21

Sounds produced with vibrating vocal folds

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VOICED

Front 22

produced with the tongue raised to approach the roof of the mouth.

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HIGH VOWELS

Front 23

[i], as in heed [hid], [ɪ], as in hit [hɪt], [u] as in who'd [hud], [ʊ] as in hood [hʊd]. are all examples of...

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HIGH VOWELS

Front 24

produced with the tongue low in the mouth

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LOW VOWELS

Front 25

[æ] as in hat [hæt] and [a] as in hot [hat] are examples of:

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LOW VOWELS

Front 26

How can you tell the difference between high and low vowels?

Back 26

by comparing the position of your tongue when pronouncing heed/hat and who'd/hot.

Front 27

produced with the tongue midway between high and low vowels

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MID VOWELS

Front 28

Stressed syllables are often ___, ____, and of ____ pitch than unstressed syllables

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LOUDER, LONGER; HIGHER

Front 29

produced with the tongue body advanced or pushed forward in the oral cavity.

Back 29

FRONT VOWELS

Front 30

[i], [I], [e] and [æ]

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FRONT VOWELS

Front 31

In the production of central vowels the tongue is neither ____ nor ____

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ADVANCED; RETRACTED

Front 32

How many rounded vowels are there in English?

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FOUR

Front 33

Linguists describe vowels produced with less tension as

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LAX VOWELS

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Vowels produced w/more tension

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TENSE VOWELS

Front 35

The lax tongue muscles slightly _____ the tongue and _____ the duration of the sound.

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LOWER; SHORTEN

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single sounds over the duration of the segment

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MONOPHTHONGS

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produced when the tongue moves quickly from the articulation of a vowel to a glide

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DIPHTHONGS

Front 38

the vowel sound in the words buy and side is produced when the tongue starts in the low ___ position of [a]. It then moves swiftly to the position of the ______ _____ [y], which is articulated in the same space as the high front vowel [i]. This is the diphthong____.

Back 38

BACK; PALATAL GLIDE; [ay]

Front 39

The vowel sound in the words cloud and lounge is

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produced when the tongue starts in the low back position of the vowel [a].