Ling111 - Linguistics - Ipa Chart

Front 1

What are speech sounds without vibration called?

Back 1

Voiceless

Front 2

In the IPA chart which type of sound is the left of the pair?

Back 2

Voiceless

Front 3

Is the left letter in the IPA chart pairs voiceless or voiced?

Back 3

Voiceless

Front 4

In the IPA chart which type of sound is the right of the pair?

Back 4

Voiced

Front 5

What are speech sounds with vibration called?

Back 5

Voiced

Front 6

Is the right letter in the IPA chart pairs voiceless or voiced?

Back 6

Voiced

Front 7

What happens with an active articulator?

Back 7

The active articulator moves when articulating a speech sound

Front 8

What happens with a passive articulator?

Back 8

A passive articulator does not move, when articulating a speech sound but rather an active articulator moves to the passive articulator, and it is a place where sound is made

Front 9

Bilabial

Back 9

Two lips

Front 10

Labiodental

Back 10

Bottom lip and teeth

Front 11

Dental

Back 11

Teeth

Front 12

Alveolar

Back 12

Alveolar ridge (+ tongue)

Front 13

Post alveolar

Back 13

Behind alveolar ridge

Front 14

Retroflex

Back 14

Behind alveolar ridge + tongue curled/bent up

Front 15

Palatal

Back 15

Hard palate (+flat of tongue)

Front 16

Velar

Back 16

Velum (+ back of tongue)

Front 17

Uvular

Back 17

Uvula (+ back of tongue)

Front 18

Pharyngeal

Back 18

Pharynx (throat) (+root of tongue)

Front 19

Glottal

Back 19

Made in the glottis (glottal stop)

Front 20

Plosive stops

Back 20

air flow is STOPPED ENTIRELY, by sealing the vocal tract (both oral and nasal cavities closed)
- lips or tongue block oral cavity
- velum RAISED against pharynx to block nasal

[p] [b] [t] [d] [g] [k]

Front 21

How does the nasal cavity get blocked?

Back 21

RAISING the velum

Front 22

How does the nasal cavity get air flow through it?

Back 22

LOWERING the velum

Front 23

What happens when you raise the velum?

Back 23

Air flow is blocked

Front 24

What happens when you lower the velum?

Back 24

Air flow is allowed/free

Front 25

Nasals

Back 25

Air flow is STOPPED entirely in oral cavity (lips or tongue seal oral cavity)
Velum is LOWERED to allow free flow/passage of air through nasal cavity

[m] [n] [ŋ]

Front 26

Fricatives

Back 26

Nasal cavity is sealed (velum RAISED) so no air can flow through
Oral cavity is constricted but not completely sealed
Tongue is placed close to a passive articulator, not quite touching it. This creates a very small opening for air to pass through and air becomes turbulent, resulting in a noise; frication sound

[s] [z] [θ] [ð] [f] [v] [ʃ] [ʒ]

Front 27

Approximants

Back 27

Nasal cavity is sealed (velum RAISED) so no air can flow through
Air flow is barely constricted at all, allowing for considerable air to pass
Active articulator moves close to a passive articulator without touching (not as close as a fricative, thus air does not become turbulent)

[j] [w] [ɹ]

Front 28

Lateral approximants

Back 28

One part of the tongue is touching the passive articulator, while another part is approximating a passive articulator.
Air flow is stopped in the middle of the tongue but can pass over one or two sides of the tongue

[l]

Front 29

What are liquids?

Back 29

[l] [ɹ]

Front 30

What are glides?

Back 30

[j] [w]

Front 31

Why is it called a glide?

Back 31

The consonant is characterised by a continued, gliding motion of the articulators into the following vowel; also referred to as a semi-vowel

Front 32

Why are sounds voiced?

Back 32

The vocal folds are close together (adducted) meaning the air flow is constricted and the vocal folds vibrate, allowing sound

Front 33

Why are sounds voiceless?

Back 33

Vocal folds are apart allowing free passage of air

Front 34

[p]

Back 34

voiceless bilabial plosive stop

Front 35

[b]

Back 35

voiced bilabial plosive stop

Front 36

[t]

Back 36

voiceless alveolar plosive stop

Front 37

[d]

Back 37

voiced alveolar plosive stop

Front 38

[k]

Back 38

voiceless velar plosive stop

Front 39

[g]

Back 39

voiced velar plosive stop

Front 40

[m]

Back 40

voiced bilabial nasal

Front 41

[n]

Back 41

voiced alveolar nasal

Front 42

[ŋ]

Back 42

voiced velar nasal

Front 43

[f]

Back 43

voiceless labiodental fricative

Front 44

[v]

Back 44

voiced labiodental fricative

Front 45

[s]

Back 45

voiceless alveolar fricative

Front 46

[z]

Back 46

voiced alveolar fricative

Front 47

[θ]

Back 47

voiceless dental fricative

Front 48

[ð]

Back 48

voiced dental fricative

Front 49

[ʃ]

Back 49

voiceless postalveolar fricative

Front 50

[ʒ]

Back 50

voiced postalveolar fricative

Front 51

[w]

Back 51

voiced labial-velar approximant

Front 52

[j]

Back 52

voiced palatal approximant

Front 53

[l]

Back 53

voiced alveolar lateral approximant

Front 54

[ɹ]

Back 54

voiced alveolar approximant