Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Semantics
|
the literal meaning of words
|
|
|
Pragmatics
|
the assumed meaning of words. How we understand sentences
|
|
|
Prototype theory
|
The theory that you can put things into categories. A prototype is the "most typical" representation of the category.
|
|
|
Predicate
|
The argument of the sentence. Modifies/Tells you about the subject of the sentence.
|
|
|
Vague predicate
|
E.g. "short" because it is not a binary
|
|
|
Polysemy
|
A word that has two distinct but related meanings, e.g. bank or wood
|
|
|
Denotation/reference
|
Something you can point to. An actual physical thing.
|
|
|
Sense
|
The way that the term refers to the object. E.g. sense of "the prime minister of Canada" is "the head of Canada's government". More abstract meaning, can't point to a physical thing.
|
|
|
Gottlob Frege
|
19th century mathematician and philosopher. Invented some phrases and stuff.
|
|
|
Truth value
|
(Reference). The truth of a sentence in the actual world. What actually happened in the real world.
|
|
|
Truth condition
|
(Sense) All possible options of what could be true in every possible world.
|
|
|
Bare noun
|
a noun used without any quantifier or determiner to modify it. e.g. "camels" is a bare noun but "the camel" is not
|
|
|
Extension
|
Denotation/reference
|
|
|
Intension
|
Sense
|
|
|
Extension of a predicate is...
|
a set of individuals. E.g. "is blonde" can refer to one person or several individuals
|
|
|
The input to a function is...
|
the intension
|
|
|
Infinity of semantics
|
let's us understand an infinite number of sentences. We don't know every single sentence just basic rules to forming sentences.
|
|
|
Syntactic rules
|
How we combine linguistic expressions into more complex expressions. Compositionality. Syntax constrains semantics
|
|
|
The principle of compositionality
|
The meaning of a complex expression is completely determined by ("is a function of") the meaning of its parts and the way in which they are syntactically combined
|
|
|
Displacement
|
The ability to talk about things removed from us in space and time. Also imaginary things.
|
|
|
Inconsistent
|
There is no possible world in which both p and q are true
|
|
|
Contradictory
|
In every possible world p and q are of different truth values --> if p is true, then q is false; if q is true, then p is false
|
|
|
Consistent
|
If there is one possible world where both p and q are true
|
|
|
Tautology
|
Is true in all possible worlds
|
|
|
Contradiction
|
Is false in all possible worlds
|
|
|
Contingency
|
True in some possible worlds, false in others. It is neither a tautology or a contradiction
|
|
|
Valid
|
If conclusion follows premises
|
