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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Borrowing
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" English borrows often directly from other languages, though it
probably happens more the other way around. " Often cultural objects or concepts that are borrowed. " Sometimes some adaptation of sounds to native phonology. " Often the borrowed word is used with native affixes – good indication that the word has been fully incorporated. |
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Literal translation
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" Less frequent.
" Often harder to spot if you were not there when it happened. German: Übermensch ! English: superman French: gratte-ciel ! English: skyscraper |
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Blending
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" Combine parts of existing words
brunch motel More examples? |
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Clipping
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" Using only part of word
my ex = my ex-husband mic = microphone US = USA stats = statistics More examples? |
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Acronyms
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" Using the first few sounds of every word
radar = Radio Detecting and Ranging NASA = National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
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Abbreviations
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" Using the first letter of every word
USA = United States of America UBC = University of British Columbia DRC = Democratic Republic of the Congo OD = overdose CD = compact disc |
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Compounding
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" Putting together two roots to form new word
" Very productive – new words are often formed this way " Meaning of compound can often not be determined from the meaning of its component parts baby-sit cranberry horseradish watermelon textbook |
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Functional shift
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" Changing the part of speech of a word without using a
derivational affix N ! V: hammer V ! N: count N ! V: book N ! V: microwave N ! V: Google More examples? |
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New names
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" Brand names for products often become ordinary nouns
Kleenex Hoover Xerox Nylon Aspirin More examples? |
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Back formation
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" Changing a word from one part of speech (usually a noun) to a
different part of speech (usually a verb) by removing part of the word. " Not very productive. " Often difficult to spot, since it might have happened long ago. televise from television burgle from burglar edit from editor |
