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219 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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10 Reasons for nourishing a loving relationship
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1. verbally
2. physically 3. express appreication 4. share more about yourself 5. offer emotional support 6. express materially 7. accept their demands and put up with shortcommings 9. don't take relationship for granted 10. treat others the way you want to be treated |
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Contempt
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Treating partner as if you are better than them
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criticisim
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try not to do it bc people don't like to be torn down all the time
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defensiveness
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feel as being attacket
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stonewalling
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avoiding an argument
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belligerence
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(beating chest) say: "so what are you going to do about it"
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ways of stonewalling
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1. leaving area to avoid fight
2. refusing to communicate 3. misguided derailment-can't take you yelling at me so not going to listen to you 4. bring it up and then say you don't want to talk about it anymore 5. giving up 6. gunny sacking-bottled up emotions and then expload |
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gunny sacking
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emotions get bottled up until one day they expload
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Men
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Report-state facts
speak 5,000 words a day last thing men want to do is fight with women men try to withdraw so they don't fight and that makes things worse |
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Women
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Rapport-want details
about 20,000 words a day they start the fights- not to be mean, just because they are more attuned to the relationship so if there is a problem they want to fix it |
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Best thing to help relationships when fighting
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Shared humor
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Rules for breaking up
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-be sure its what u want
-don't change mind (going back and forth) -do it in person -don't string them along-seek out new relationships- don't keep them around for an easy booty call |
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Bonding Fights
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They bring couples closer together
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Key to bonding fights
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build up partners self-esteem
-if partner complains with positive things it will go over better ex. when profs wife complains she boarders it with a complement -level with each other-don't be vauge, let them know whats going on -use "i" statements not "you" you is an insult -avoid mixed messages -choose time and place carefully -focus on what is upsetting you now...not something that happened 3 years ago -ask for specific change, but be open to changing yourself as well -don't try to win-its about making relationship better -finish argument-don't try to sabatage parter, if not conveinient bring up at different time |
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Education Acculturation
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it is a cultural necessity
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necessary skills
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were used for survival-hunting and gathering, cooking
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Dark ages education
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limited to monks and people of nobility, it focused on learning the bible
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industrialization
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people had to learn to use machinery more effeciently
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post revolution and education
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wanted to create edu as a national culture/uniform to get everyone on the same page
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1800's education
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separated wealthy(went to school) poor (didn't go to school)
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Horace Mann
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Advocated that everyone should be able to go to school and schools should be paid for by taxes
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Political system and Horace manns idea
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Liked idea bc it would americanize people into 1 group instead of several different cultures
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1918 law on edu
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manditory school until 8th grade or 16 yrs old
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65% of hs grads
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go onto some form of college
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1 in 6
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fail to graduate hs
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Least industrialized nations and edu
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most people work the land, doesn't have much need for edu, even if they do want edu most can't afford it, high rates of illiteracy
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educations: Functionalist perspective
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-manifest function-does it matter what you learn, what matters is ur certificate=credential society
-Cultural transmission of values-not just basics, need to learn patriotism instilled over time -social integration -gatekeeping |
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Manifest function of functionalist perspective of edu
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does it really matter what we learn, b/c what counts is what the piece of paper you have says
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Credential Society
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reason for it is b/c we have too many people in our society to check out what they are doing used to have guilds and aprenticships
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Cultural transmission of values in edu
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learning other things than reading writting and math, learn about economics and patriotism
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Gate keeping of edu
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to allow certain people in; prof gets a vote on whether allowed into program
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Changing Functions- functionalism perspective of edu
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-expanding into family arena-teaching sex edu, marriage and family etc
-matchmaking-find spouse in school -social networking-meet ppl that will help you somewhere down the line -stabelizing employment- -conservative backlash-"homeschooling" |
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Stabelizing employment in edu by....
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while in higher education we are kept out of work force which gives more people in work to leave jobs
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Conservative backlash in edu
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"homeschooling"-highly debatable
-neg- socially akward, bias edu -pos-online classes, get ahead |
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Conflict perspective of edu
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-edu system produces and reinforces status quo-which is improbable
-hidden curriculum -tracking social class -iq tests -richer communities=richer schools -"corresponding Principle"-edu reflecting society -race and ethnicity |
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hidden curriculum in edu
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teach you to be obedient workers and not get out of line
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tracking the social class in edu
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people are not grouped by educational ability but by social class
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iq tests
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suppose to measure intelligence but it is biased towards white middle class
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richer communities
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pay more taxes which the schools are then richer
-9x more $ per student than average school -better education |
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education "corresponding principle"
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education reflecting society
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Race and ethnicity in edu
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blacks and whites are less likely to have higher educatiors
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Symbolic interactionists of edu
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-Ray Rist
-social class- underlying basis of -underlying ability -looking glass self -subsequent teachers and years- -Rosenthal and Jacobson -farkas - |
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Ray Rist
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Came to conclusion that people academic carreer was determined on 8th day of kindergarden -teachers separated them into groups and evaluated them (fast vs slow learners)
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Social class and symbolic interactionist in edu was....
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underlying basis of underlying ability
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looking glass self in edu
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people treat you unintelligent you feel dumb
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subsequent teachers and years:
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teachers didn't reassess students they just gave them same as teachers before them to keep them on same tract and not reassessed
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Rosenthal and Jacobson
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Posed as academic councilers and they did a study- they went into classes and randomly picked students and told teachers that they were "spurters" so teachers focused on them and they did better
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Farkas
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wanted to know why females and asian americans do better in school
-found: better communication- they talked to the teachers more and then the teachers thought they cared more so they did better |
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Problems with Education
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-mediocrity
-high school gpa and grade inflation -social promotion and functional illiteracy -violence in schools |
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Mediocrity in Edu
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math skills increased
reading skills decreased bc don't write as much anymore, shorter texting language |
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Hs gpas and grade inflation
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vast majority earn A's and learning less where when our parents were in school they were learning more and getting C's
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social promotion and functional illiteracy
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the teachers pretend to pass students to get more funds
-many hs grads are illiterate |
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Violence in schools
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statistically very unlikely
-b/c militarized schools- fences, metal detectors and all sorts of policies- more like a prison than a school |
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What is Religion?
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beliefs and practices that separate the sacred and profane
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Profane
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normal everyday things
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sacred
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something we believe is supernatural
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religions development communities
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-belief that something is sacred
-have rituals and practices centered around what is sacred -moral community (church) all done in group setting |
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Functionalist perspective of religion
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-answers questions of ultimate meaning
-emotionally comfort people -guidelines of conduct for healthier life -controlling behavior -easier way to adapt to new environment -reciprocally support the gov't |
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religion: controlling behavior
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tell you what you should and shouldn't be doing
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reciprocally support the govt
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dominant religion supports govt, and gov't supports that religion in some countries
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Functional equivalents to religions (primary differences)
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aa, pscyhotherapy, transcendental medication
-primary differences between it and religion is that it isn't directed towards God, gods or the supernatural |
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Religions: Major dysfunctions
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-War
-oppression and perscution |
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Relgion: war
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many have been fought over religious beliefs
-ex. crusades northern ireland, israel |
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Religion: Oppression and Perscution
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when religion dominates society
-ex. spanish inquisition and catholic church, salem witch trials, aztec sacrifice of virgins |
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Religion: Symbolic interactionist perspective
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-symbols and rituals maintain moral community
symbols-star of david, crucifix, cresent moon and star -symbols are sacred -cosmology-understanding why world works in particular ways -"religious experience" |
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religion: symbols
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-maintain moral community
-sacred and represented by the symbol -symbols remind people of their beliefs -community and conforming |
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religion: Conflict Perspective
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-religion is in place to maintain inequality
-karl marx -pre-civil war=religion was used to justify slavery -hindu priests -religion is tied to economics |
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Karl Marx and religion
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"the opium of the people"
-religion acted like a drug to forget and ignore suffering but keep them in line so they wouldn't rebel to change life situations |
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religion: middle ages
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royalty had their positions bc God put them their so disobeying them was like disobeying god.
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religion-pre civil war
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used to justify slavery in 2 different passages
1. brothers were killed and kane was given a mark that so his desendants would suffer and that is why there are blacks 2. noah son comes in on noah naked and son was cursed by noah and the son that was cursed and the blacks are decendants of him |
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religion: Hindu Priests
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used hinduism: karma and recarnation to convince people people behaving in this life will cause them to come back at a higher social status in next life
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Worlds major religions:
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Judaism
Contemporary Judaism Christianity Islam Hindu Buddhism Confucianism |
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Judism
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-1st monotheistic religion
-traced to abraham 4,000 years ago in mesopotamia -covenant w/ God=descendants of Isaac are the "choosen people" -signs of covenant=circumcision of males at 8 days old - |
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Animistic
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believed in spirits
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contemporary judaism and its different sections
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split into different sections:
-orthodox -reform -conservative |
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Contemporary judaism- orthodox
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-strickly kosher, observing sabbaoth and it is segregated by gender
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History of Judaism and their general teachings
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filled with a lot of persicuted
general teaching: love god and do good deeds |
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contemporary judaism- reform
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more liberal interpretation, conduct services in English
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contemporary judaism-conservative
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middle ground between othodox and reform
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Christianity-largest religion in the world
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-monotheistic but messianic
-jesus ministered at age 30 -interprets his death as atonment for every one sentence -1st thousand years there was one church=roman catholic -11th century=greek orthodox -16th century= protestant reformation (100s of groups) -more than 2 billion adherants |
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Islam-2nd largest religion (1billion)
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-monotheistic
-muhammad founded-he was born in mecca 750AD -age 40=vission and messages=KORAN -flight and return as conqueror- 630AD -2 major divisions 1. shi'ites (tradtional rules) 2. sunni- more libera -trace ancestory to abraham -practice polygymy (limit 4) -sacred texts=bible and koron -pilgrimage must be made like muhammad -considered jesus a profit, they are against seeing jesus as diety -growing very fast in US, espeically blacks |
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Hinduism- india 4,000 years ago
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-no specific founders, or sacred texts about morality
-polytheistic -karma and reincarnation -Nirvana=ultimate goal (something like being and everything at the same time, end cycle of reincarnation and go back to hole in the universe) |
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Buddhism-600 BC
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-Siddartha Guatam=original budda
-self denial;following the 4 noble truths -8 fold path -central symbol=8 spoke wheel -goal=to stop cycle of rebirth and suffering, there is no soul, no way to control the stop of rebirth -laos, cambodia, thailand |
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Siddartha Guatam
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original budda
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4 noble truths (Buddhism)
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1. all existence=sufference
2. cause of suffering=desire 3. therefore to stop desire is to stop suffering 4. to do this must follow 8 fold path |
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confucianism
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-social reforms of confucious that didn't like the reform of govt (551-479)
-morality based on peace, justice, and universal order -"confucian golden rule" -addition of gods -communist china |
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"confucian golden rule"
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you should treat someone subordanate to you same way you treat someone superbordanate to you
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Religous groups- cults
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small group whose teachings and beliefs put it at odds with the dominate culture or religion
-begin with charasmatic leaders -christianity and islam began as cults -rejection by society so they must be very committed to as followers -most cults fail- those that don't evolve into a sect |
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sects
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larger than a cult, but still not accepted very much
- loosely organized, emphasize personal salvation and emotional expression of relationship with god |
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both sects and cults
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stress evangelism-have to go out and preech message to recruit people into their goal
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Church
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-large, bureacratized organized with nationial and international offices that give direction to local congregaions (central authority)
-enforce rules about ordaining as ministers and finances -less intense worship services, more sedate and more formal -new members come from with in- children |
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ecclesia
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stage not hardly reached
-integrated into dominate culture and cant tell where it leaves off -state religions -god is very remote and inpersonal -just a citizen makes you a member -ex church of england |
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exceptions to religious groups
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-not all groups make it through all the stages
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amish
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sect- completely reject mainstream culture and do not practice evangelism
-may reject only some aspects of common culture |
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religions in the us
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65% belong to a church, synagoge or mosque
-membership higher in south and midwest lowest -jewish have higher percentage earning over $52,000 -mormons have 2nd highest earnings -jehovas witness= lowest % earning under $27,000 |
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religions: latinos and irish
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roman catholic
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relgion: greeks
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greek orthodox
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religion: african americans
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protestant/ baptist
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major features of religion
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3000,000 congregation in us and hundreds of denominations
-us policy to ensure freedom of worship -members free to switch -44% report attending services every week -fundamentalist revival |
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religion: fundamentalist revival
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many ppl leaving mainstream and move to fundamentalist religions
-take scripture litterally |
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Seclarization
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process by which spiritual intersts are replaced by worldly intersts
-primarily-so many christian denomenations and bc no longer focused on religious beliefs b/c of science |
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modernization
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now more based on science and urbanization and developemnt
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Collective behavior
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refers to any behavior that is out of the ordinary carried out by groups of people
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McKay
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1852-"herd mentality"
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Lebron
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anonymity-> collective mind-> contagious->mass hypnosis -> usually destructive
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Park
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"collective Impulse" emotions jump from person to person
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Bulmers 5 stages
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1. usually underlying condition of anxiety
2. then something exciting happens but not everyone knows whats going on 3. milling-try to gather info and collect rumors 4. common object of attention- concentrate on one thing 5. collective agreement or impulse about what should be done- focus turns into action and usually negative or frivolus ex. turns into food fight |
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collective behaviors: contemporary view
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people engage in these behaviors becasue
-minimax strategy -emerging norms -participant types(ego, concerned, insecure, spectators, exploiters) |
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minimax
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we want to max benefits and minimize risks- group action=min risk=more anonomous
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emerging norms
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in these situations rules are re-written
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collective behavior: participant types
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ego-peole who care and are really involved
-concerned-doesn't have an interest but care somewhat about situation -insecure-don't care about whats going on but use it as an advantage for social status -spectators-ppl that like to watch -exploiters-those who try to take monitary advantage(sell t-shirts) |
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Forms of collective behavior
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-riots
-lynchings -panic -moral panic -fads and fashion -urban legends -social movements |
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Riots
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(form of collective behavior)
-underlying reason for ppl to be upset -precipitating even ignights the flame and that exploads into a riot -minorities -event=less important than underlying context |
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lynnchings
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-groups of ppl do commit public execution in a humiliating way (common until 1970s whole towns would watch lynchings and make a festivel)
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Panic
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-ppl become affraid they don't function right
-mass hysteria-natural disaster |
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collective behavior: participant types
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ego-peole who care and are really involved
-concerned-doesn't have an interest but care somewhat about situation -insecure-don't care about whats going on but use it as an advantage for social status -spectators-ppl that like to watch -exploiters-those who try to take monitary advantage(sell t-shirts) |
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Forms of collective behavior
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-riots
-lynchings -panic -moral panic -fads and fashion -urban legends -social movements |
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Riots
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-underlying reason for ppl to be upset
-precipitating even ignights the flame and that exploads into a riot -minorities -event=less important than underlying context |
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lynnchings
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-groups of ppl do commit public execution in a humiliating way (common until 1970s whole towns would watch lynchings and make a festivel)
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Panic
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-ppl become affraid they don't function right
-mass hysteria-natural disaster |
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Moral panic
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people become affraid/ concerned or fearful over behavior that is perceived to threaten morality
-ex salem witch trials -people become increasingly hostile towards the percieved threats |
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Fad
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fad= anything that is temporarily catches peoples attention
-ex. tickle me elmo, beanie babies, flash mobs (froze in grand central station) |
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fashion
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when a fad lasts longer, it turns into a fashion
-ex clothes and music |
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Urban Legends
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stories with an ironic twist that sound real but they are false
-passed on by ppl who believe the event happened to someone not far removed from them ex- gang members hide under cars and grab ankles |
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social movements (def)
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large # of ppl who organize to promote or resist social change
(SMOs) |
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Different types tactics of SMOs (social movement organizations)
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-alternative SM
-Redemptive SM -Reformative SM -Transformative SM -Millenarian movement -transnational movement |
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Alternative SM
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one that attempts to get individuals to change particular behavior
ex- get you to stop drinking |
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Redemptive SM
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tries to get ppl to make a complete lifestyle change
ex. join religious organizations |
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Reformative SM
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tries to get society to change
ex. outlawing alcohol (proabition) |
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Transformative SM
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tries to change society majorly, not in just 1 behavior
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Millenarian Movement
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any apoplectic movement, if we don't change the world it will end
ex. it could be cults ending world or it could be global warming |
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transnational movement
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anything that goes beyond borders of one society thats global
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Why do people join social movements?
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-family/friend
-mass society theory -deprivation theory -ideological commitments |
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Mass Society Theory
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world is so big, movements help to claim reconection
-critique- people in movements already have large social networks |
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Deprivation Theory (smo)
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feel at loss/deprived of something
-2 types 1. absolute-really deprived ex. homeless 2. relative-you precieve it as if you are deprived (more likely to join SMO) |
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Ideological commitments
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people belief that joining is doing the right thing and they are doing good by joining
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health: symbolic interactionist perspective
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-health affected by cultural beliefs
-"sickness and health" not absolute but different in definition (societies interpret things differently) -4 components to health - |
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health: functionalist perspective-"the sick role" (4 parts)
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1. you aren't held responsible in sick role
2. exempt from everyday things (school) 3. generally don't like sick role 4. get help to return to everyday activities |
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"the sick role"- ambiguity
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ambiguous-it is more social factor play role
ex. have a fever of 99.5- have a test= skip and use it as an excuse have a fever on ur bday and friends want to take you out..don't take on sick role |
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Health: Conflict Perspective-Global
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-least industralized= lower life expectancy and higher infant mortality rate(1/2 life expectancy)
-most industrialized nations= die of luxury diseases |
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Health: Conflict Perspective in US
-in 1700s -in 1800s -in 1900s |
-1700-people could be physcians by watching others (shingles hang outside door represent they are practicing drs.)
-1800-schools came out, and different practices were learned about med -1906-Carnegie Foundation funded Abraham Flexner |
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Abraham Flexner
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funded by carnegie to judge different med schools and decide what was needed to become more professional
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Health: Professionalization
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rigorous edu and claim to understand illness
-regulation, assert that perform service for society -take authority over patients -Result= med is biggest legal monopoly in US |
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Medical Monopoly
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-only legal monopoly in US
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"the medical establishment"
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American medical association became medical establishment
-lobbyed for govt to make laws about they are the only ones to practice b/c of license -physician controlled fees -discriminatory practices -war with woment -war with govt(b/c many couldnt afford health care) -1960-medicare and medicade |
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Epidemiology
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refers to the study of how disease and illness plays out and spreads socially and geographically located
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1900s top causes of death
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1. tb
2. pneumonia 3. diarrhea 4. heart disease |
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2000 top causes of death
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1. heart disease
2. cancer 3. strokes 4. respiratory disease |
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cost of health care
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-1960=$150 a year per person
-today=$6,697 a year per person |
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1/2 of all bankruptcies is b/c
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ppl can't pay medical bills
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factors that contributed to increased cost of Health care
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-growing elderly population
-new & expensive equipment -expensive malpractice insurance |
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Malpractice in 1800s
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-1800s-sickness came from bad fluids
drs used methods to get rid of fluids 1. bleeding 2. blistering 3. induced vomiting 4. induced diariaha |
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Defensive medicine
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dr. order extra testing and consult with colleages so it costs more which increases costs so they don't get sued
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medical malpractice is....
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6th leading cause of death in US
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#1 reason for death in medical malpractice is....
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Cross reactions-prescribing 2 meds that don't cross well
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Health: Depersonalization
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treating people as if they are an object
-pos=desexualization ex- obgyn imagine women like cars -neg- cash machines-get ppl in and out and get as much $ posible |
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medicalization
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process of medical industry becomes more powerful and more things start to fit under the medical umbrella
-ex. masturbation and homosexuals -"bad behavior -appearance-wrinkles, acne, fake boobs, saggy body areas |
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health: Bad Behavior
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medicalization: included in medicine when people weren't behaving in norm
-ex. masturbation and homos |
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Curbing medical cost
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-HMOs
-diagnostic regulated groups -dumping -group care -pay as you go -rationing medical care |
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rationing medical care
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ppl argue that ppl getting specific care
ex. great Britain only allow kidney dialysis to people under 60 yrs old |
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HMO's (health medical organizations)
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trying to cut costs by competitions
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threats to health
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-aids
-obesity -booze -nicotine -disabling environments -experiments |
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Alternatives for health care
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-preventions/ holistic medicine
-acupuncture |
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family
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ppl you are related to by blood marriage or adoption
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polygamy
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more than one wife
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polyandry
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more than one husband
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extended family
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gma, gpa, aunts uncles
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family orientation
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family that raises you
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family procreation
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family that you make
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nuclear family
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mom, dad, kids
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marriage
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set of rituals in each society that is recognized as bonding ppl together
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endogamy
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marry within own group
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exogamy
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marrying outside group
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patrilineal
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tracing heritage through fathers last name
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|
|
matrilineal
|
tracing heritage through mothers last name
|
|
|
bilateral
|
trace heritage through both mom and dad
|
|
|
family-functionalist perspective
|
-economic cooperations
-teaching children how to behave -take care of sick and elderly -recreation -sexual control -reproduction -incest taboo-(avoids role confusion, create alliances, expand networks) -dysfunctions |
|
|
family- conflict perspective
|
who does housework?
-men asked=50/50, women asked=8xmore -women do about 8hrs more per week -'second shift" women work and then come home and do house work |
|
|
mens strategies of resistance of house work
|
-waiting it out
-play dumb -need reduction-i don't care what ppl think -substitution offerings-buy gifts |
|
|
Family-symbolic interactionist perspective
|
-income and house work (female make ^$ then female does ^ housework) male makes more $ female still does more house work)
-female income=male income they share amt of housework -when women make more $ men resist housework even more b/c of gender rolls |
|
|
Homogamy
|
-the tendency of people who marry people just like them (race, edu, class, and religion)
-propinquity-geographic simiarity -social pressure -feeling at home -striking a fair exchange |
|
|
propinquity
|
end up with someone in similar geographic are b/c same type of ppl
|
|
|
African American Families
|
-upper class- focus on preserving what they have
-middle class- focus on getting kids to college -poverty-most likely to have female headed house holds, births to single mothers, highest rate of divorce, women most likely to marry less educated men |
|
|
Latino Families
|
-married latinos proportion is higher than blacks and lower than whites
-cubans-most likely married -puerto ricans- less likely married -machismo+a few generations=matriarch |
|
|
Machismo
|
hyper masculinity
|
|
|
Asian American Families
|
-do best with assimilation
-nuclear family with confucian values (strict, good self discipline) -more permissive to children -lowest rates of births out of wedlock |
|
|
Native American Families
|
-most prominent issue- traditional culture of assimilation to us culture??
-closely resembles latinos family and family structure -elders play more active role in lives of youngers |
|
|
single parenthood
|
-1970s-85% grow up with both parents
-today-69% grow up with both parents -increased births to unwed women -children=more likely to have issues -female children=more likely to be single parents themselves |
|
|
gay and lesbo families
|
-2004 mass=1st state to legalize gay marriage
-20% of homos come from hetero parents ( 22% of the 20% are lesbos that raise kids, and 5% of the 20% of gays raise kids) |
|
|
families-changing trends
|
-postponing 1st marriage
-cohabitation -increase births to unmarried moms -grandparents raising kids -"sandwhich generation" |
|
|
divorce
|
-50% divorce rate=misused stat
-60,000,000 marriages per year in US and usually 2% of those existing marriages end in divorce |
|
|
reduces risk of divorce
|
-college educated
-religion -your parents still married -if marry after 25 -waiting 7 months after marriage to have kids -income (if make more tha $50,000 a year) |
|
|
remarriage
|
-men more likely
-women-about only 1/2 get remarried -usually divorced ppl marrying other divorced ppl |
|
|
The dark side of family
|
-gender symmetry in violence
-child abuse and neglect -marital rape -incest |
|
|
what makes a marriage happy?
|
-believing marriage is sacred
-strongly wanting relationship -spending lots of time together -expressing appreciation for one another -doing a lot of talking and listening -dealing with crises in a positive manner |
|
|
The dark side of family
|
-gender symmetry in violence
-child abuse and neglect -marital rape -incest |
|
|
what makes a marriage happy?
|
-believing marriage is sacred
-strongly wanting relationship -spending lots of time together -expressing appreciation for one another -doing a lot of talking and listening -dealing with crises in a positive manner |
|
|
The dark side of family
|
-gender symmetry in violence
-child abuse and neglect -marital rape -incest |
|
|
what makes a marriage happy?
|
-believing marriage is sacred
-strongly wanting relationship -spending lots of time together -expressing appreciation for one another -doing a lot of talking and listening -dealing with crises in a positive manner |
|
|
Latino Families
|
-married latinos proportion is higher than blacks and lower than whites
-cubans-most likely married -puerto ricans- less likely married -machismo+a few generations=matriarch |
|
|
Machismo
|
hyper masculinity
|
|
|
Asian American Families
|
-do best with assimilation
-nuclear family with confucian values (strict, good self discipline) -more permissive to children -lowest rates of births out of wedlock |
|
|
Native American Families
|
-most prominent issue- traditional culture of assimilation to us culture??
-closely resembles latinos family and family structure -elders play more active role in lives of youngers |
|
|
single parenthood
|
-1970s-85% grow up with both parents
-today-69% grow up with both parents -increased births to unwed women -children=more likely to have issues -female children=more likely to be single parents themselves |
|
|
gay and lesbo families
|
-2004 mass=1st state to legalize gay marriage
-20% of homos come from hetero parents ( 22% of the 20% are lesbos that raise kids, and 5% of the 20% of gays raise kids) |
|
|
families-changing trends
|
-postponing 1st marriage
-cohabitation -increase births to unmarried moms -grandparents raising kids -"sandwhich generation" |
|
|
divorce
|
-50% divorce rate=misused stat
-60,000,000 marriages per year in US and usually 2% of those existing marriages end in divorce |
|
|
reduces risk of divorce
|
-college educated
-religion -your parents still married -if marry after 25 -waiting 7 months after marriage to have kids -income (if make more tha $50,000 a year) |
|
|
remarriage
|
-men more likely
-women-about only 1/2 get remarried -usually divorced ppl marrying other divorced ppl |
|
|
patrilineal
|
tracing heritage through fathers last name
|
|
|
matrilineal
|
tracing heritage through mothers last name
|
|
|
bilateral
|
trace heritage through both mom and dad
|
|
|
family-functionalist perspective
|
-economic cooperations
-teaching children how to behave -take care of sick and elderly -recreation -sexual control -reproduction -incest taboo-(avoids role confusion, create alliances, expand networks) -dysfunctions |
|
|
family- conflict perspective
|
who does housework?
-men asked=50/50, women asked=8xmore -women do about 8hrs more per week -'second shift" women work and then come home and do house work |
|
|
mens strategies of resistance of house work
|
-waiting it out
-play dumb -need reduction-i don't care what ppl think -substitution offerings-buy gifts |
|
|
Family-symbolic interactionist perspective
|
-income and house work (female make ^$ then female does ^ housework) male makes more $ female still does more house work)
-female income=male income they share amt of housework -when women make more $ men resist housework even more b/c of gender rolls |
|
|
Homogamy
|
-the tendency of people who marry people just like them (race, edu, class, and religion)
-propinquity -social pressure -feeling at home -striking a fair exchange |
|
|
propinquity
|
end up with someone in similar geographic are b/c same type of ppl
|
|
|
African American Families
|
-upper class- focus on preserving what they have
-middle class- focus on getting kids to college -poverty-most likely to have female headed house holds, births to single mothers, highest rate of divorce, women most likely to marry less educated men |
