Lin 105 Mt1

Front 1

Outer ear

Back 1

Pinna- amplifies sound

Front 2

Middle ear

Back 2

Ossicles: hammer/malleus, anvil/incus, stirrup/stapes. Receive vibrations from timpanic membrane and transfer to cochlea

Eustachian tube: auditory tube links nasopharynx to middle ear

Front 3

Inner ear

Back 3

Cochlea: chambered organ that has diff cavities containing hair cells which conduct auditory vibrations.

Basilar membrane: bears the corti (receptor)

Front 4

Deaf vs deaf

Back 4

Deaf: anyone who ids as part of the Deaf community and shares in Deaf culture.

deaf: audiological condition involving lack of hearing

Front 5

Conductive hearing loss

Back 5

Results from abnornatilities of the external ear and/or ossicles of middle ear

Front 6

Sensorineural hearing loss

Back 6

Results from malfunction of inner ear structures (e.g. cochlea)

Front 7

Mixed hearing loss

Back 7

Combo of conductive and sensorineural hearing loss

Front 8

Central auditory dysfunction

Back 8

Results from damage or dysfunction at the level of the 8th cranial nerve, auditory brain stem, or cerebral cortex

Front 9

Prelingual deafness

Back 9

Present before speech develops. All congenital healing loss is prelingual, but not all prelingual hearing loss is congenital

Front 10

Postlingual hearing loss

Back 10

Occurs after development of normal speech

Front 11

Genetic deafness

Back 11

50% of all prelingual deaf children (1/1000 kids are prelingually deaf)

Front 12

Non syndromic and syndromic deafness

Back 12

Part of genetic deafness: non syndromic = 70% of genetic deafness. Syndromic (i.e. waardenburgs) = 30% of genetic deafness

Front 13

Non-genetic deafness

Back 13

25% of all prelingual deaf children

Front 14

Idiopathic deafness

Back 14

25% of all prelingual deaf children. Idiopathic = disease which arises spontaneously for unknown causes

Front 15

Vocoded speech

Back 15

A representation of what speech sounds like with a cochlear implant

Front 16

Thomas Gallaudet and Laurent Clerc

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Established Connecticut asylum for the education and instruction of the Deaf and dumb. Gallaudet was sent on a mission to educate deaf daughter of neighbor. Was snubbed by British oral school. Met sicard (director of royal institution for deaf in paris) Clerc was one of Sicards students. Clerc was a deaf teacher from Paris school. Children used natural FSL Outside of class.

Front 17

Auditory brain stem implant

Back 17

Exploratory technology to directly stimulate brainstem-auditory pathway. Bypasses cochlea and auditory.nerve. provides sound awareness, but not speech in most cases. Undergoing FDA approval

Front 18

Cochlear implant

Back 18

Direct stimulation of cochlea via electrical signals. Requires processing algorithms to turn sound into electrical impulses.

Front 19

BAHA

Back 19

uses bone conduction to by-pass malformed peripheral ear canal/Middle ear

Front 20

Conventional hearing aides

Back 20

Amplify sound

Front 21

Newborn hearing infant screening

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50 states and 6 territories have newborn hearing screening.

1.6 per 1000 screened have hearing loss. 40% will receive cochlear implant and 60% will receive hearing aides.

Front 22

ASL acquisition

Back 22

ASL is a natural language. Acquisition milestones similar to spoken Lang. 8-12 months = first sign. 18 months = small utterances. Baby talk grammatical errors take place.

Front 23

Sensorineural hearing loss etiology

Back 23

Hearing loss in inner ear. Prevents, reduces, or distorts sounds from auditory cortex. Generally permanent. Most commonly caused by old age

Front 24

Meningitis

Back 24

Swelling or inflammation of the protective membranes of the brain and spinal cord. Bacterial and viral. Bacterial = most common cause of deafness. Progresses v quickly (~48 hrs)

Front 25

Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder

Back 25

Transmission of signals from inner ear to brain is impaired. Hearing loss ranges from mild to severe. Treated with hearing aides or cochlear implants

Front 26

Padden and Humphries

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Deaf community: particular group of deaf people who share ASL and a culture.

Deaf culture: share beliefs about themselves and their connection to larger society and share ASL. shared knowledge, beliefs and practices.

Milan conference: 1880 world conference for the Deaf in which the reform was made to ban signed languages in schools throughout Europe and instead instate the oral method of education.