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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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how many layers are found in the Dentate gyrus?
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3 layers
molecular granule polymorphic |
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where do the granule cells of the dentate gyrus project?
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Hippocampus
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what does the hippocampal sulcus seperate?
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dentate gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus
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where is the alveus found in relation to the hippocampus?
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alveus: is a thin white matter consisting of fibers entering and exiting the hippocampus
-forms fimbria and continues as fornix |
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how many layers does the hippocampus consist of?
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3 layers (ARCHICORTEX)
molecular layer pyramidal layer polymorphic layer |
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what do the pyramidal cells of hypothalamus do?
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provide output for subiculum
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what is the subiculum?
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A transition between ARCHICORTEX of hippocampus and NEOCORTEX of entorhinal cortex of the parahippocampal gyrus
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what are major efferent neurons of the hippocampal formation?
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Subiculum pyramidal cels
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what part of the basal forebrain receives large amounts of damage during Alzheimer's disease?
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medial septal nuclei
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where does the body of the fornix begin?
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posterior end of thalamus
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where do the main parts of the fornix project to?
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mammillary bodies
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where do the mammillary bodies project to?
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anterior nucleus of thalamus
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where does anterior nucleus of thalamus project?
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to the cingulate gyrus via the internal capsule
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where does the cingulate gyrus project information to?
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frontal
parietal occipital temporal association cortex entorhinal cortex |
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how are long term memories made?
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through the circuit of Papez
-long term potentiation at synaptic sites occurs |
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what is a declarative memory
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conscious recollection of facts and experiences
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where does consolidation of declarative memories occur?
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consolidation occurs in hippocampal formation
-recall occurs from many areas of the cortex |
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what is a non-declarative memory
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implicit
nonconscious learning of skills, habits, and acquired behaviors |
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where are nondeclarative memories sotred?
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we store them where we use them! that's all I know
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what is the blood supply to the cingulate gyrus?
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pericallosal artery of ACA
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the temporal branches of PCA supply this structure.
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parahippocampal gyrus
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Posterior and Middle Cerebral arteries and the anterior choridal artery supply this:
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Uncus and amygdala
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what artery supplies the hippocampal formation?
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anterior choroidal artery
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Your patient has had severe damage to his temporal lobes what type of memory loss will he have?
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Severe declarative memory loss
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your patient has had severe damage to dorsal medial thalamic nucleus, what type of memory loss will he have?
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severe anterograde amnesia and retrograde amnesia of 2 years
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Your patient has anterograde and retrograde amnesia. You suspect alcoholism and they have a tendency to confabulate. What might you do? Diagnose?
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order imaging
alcoholism can cause a thiamine deficiency bilateral necrosis of mammillary bodies and medial diencephalic structures This patient would be diagnosed with Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome |
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what are the affects of hypoxia on memory?
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hypoxia: pyramidal hippocampal neurons are extremely sensitive to oxygen deprivation
short term: transient global amnesia long term: defective memory formation |
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why is transient global amnesia seen in patients who have suffered short term hypoxia?
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because of the sensitivity of the pyramidal cells in the hippocampal formation
the patient would be unaware of events preceding the accident and temporarily unable to form new memories |
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why does long term hypoxia cause cardiac arrest and or defective memory formation?
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death of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal formation
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a patient has started to have dementia and memory loss. they have slowly become disoriented and had severe behavioral changes. what might be suspected?
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Alzheimer's disease
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why does long term hypoxia cause cardiac arrest and or defective memory formation?
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death of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal formation
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what are characteristics of Alzheimer's in the brain?
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Beta-Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles primarily affecting temporal lobes, especially the hippocampal formation
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a patient has started to have dementia and memory loss. they have slowly become disoriented and had severe behavioral changes. what might be suspected?
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Alzheimer's disease
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Are there any current treatments that can reverse or stop disease progression of Alzheimer's
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NO
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what are characteristics of Alzheimer's in the brain?
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Beta-Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles primarily affecting temporal lobes, especially the hippocampal formation
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If there is death of basal forebrain neurons what is lost to the hippocampus?
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Cholinergic input
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Are there any current treatments that can reverse or stop disease progression of Alzheimer's
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NO
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If there is death of basal forebrain neurons what is lost to the hippocampus?
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Cholinergic input
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