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29 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What 5 structures make up the limbic lobe?
1. subcallosal gyrus
2. cingulate gyrus
3. isthmus
4. parahippocampal gyrus
5. uncus
What does the limbic lobe refer to (not in terms of the structures that constitute it)?
It refers to the structures that form a border around the brain
What are the 5 structures of the Rhinencephalon?
1. olfactory nerve rootlets
2. olfactory bulb
3. olfactory tract
4. olfactory striae
5. primary olfactory cortex
What is referred to by the limbic system?
the limbic lobe and all cortical and subcortical structures related to it
What are some of the main structures of the limbic system?
1. amygdala
2. hypothalamus
3. thalamus
4. Olfactory cortex
What are some of the main functions of the limbic system?
1. emotional behavior
2. memory
3. integration of homeostatic responses
4. sexual behavior
5. motivation
What are the 3 regions of the hippocampal formation?
1. hippocampus
2. dendrate gyrus
3. subiculum
on what gyrus is the hippocampal formation located?
the parahippocampal gyrus
What are some functions of the hippocampus?
declarative memory (i.e. episodic, semantic, etc.), attention and alertness
What is a symptom of hippocampus lesions?
disruption of episodic memory
What are the 2 pathways that carry output from the amygdala?
1. the stria terminalis
2. ventral amygadlofugal pathway
What are some of the functions of the amygdala?
autonomic and orienting responses, emotional behavior, food intake, arousal, sexual activity, and motor activity
What does the term "septal area" refer to?
the septum pellucidum (which is a thin partition between the lateral ventricles) and the septum verum (which is a group of nuclei that includes the septal nuclei)
What is the main function of the septal area?
emotional behavior, learning, reward, autonomic responses, drinking and feeding, and sexual behavior
What is the papez circuit?
a closed circuit of connections starting and ending the hippocampus. The structures connected by this circuit play a role in emotional rections
Describe the structures involved in the papez circuit?
1. output of impulses from the hippocampus via the fornix TO the mamillothalamic tract.
2. From there (via the mamillothalamic tract) TO the anterior thalamic nucleus
3. From there (via the thalamocortical fiber system, TO the cingulate gyrus
4. back to 1
What is the fornix?
the outflow tract of the hippocampal formation. It's a fiber bundle that reciprocally connections the hippocampal formation with a number of subcortical areas (thalamus, hypothalamus, and septal area).
What is a subiculum?
an underlying or supporting structure
What are the 2 types of memory?
1.explicit (declarative, short-term, long-term) conscious retrieval of information
2. implicit (procedural) "knowing how". supports the learning and retention of skills
Which type of memory refers to "knowing how"?
implicit memory
What are the 6 types of amnesia that can occur?
1. retrograde
2. anterograde
3. global
4. modality-specific
5. permanent
6. transient
What characterizes wernicke-korsakoff syndrome?
severe anterograde and retrograde amnesia and confabulation.
What is the main cause of wernicke-korsakoff syndrome?
vitamine B1 (thiamine) deficiency resulting from malnutrution. This disorder involves lesions of the dorsomedial and midline nuclei of the thalamus, maximarry body, frontal cortex
What are some of the main symptoms of kluver-bucy syndrome?
1. visual agnosia
2. hyperorality (tendency to examine all objects by mouth)
3. hypersexuality
4. docility
5. blunted affect, apathy
6. memory deficits
What, generally speaking, characterizes the symptoms of kluver-bucy syndrome?
they reflect a defect in relating sensory information to past experience or evaluating sensory stimuli in terms of their biological significance
In brain regions are usually damaged in kluver-bucy syndrome?
bilateral lesions in the temporal lobe that involve:
1. amygdala
2. hippocampal formation
What is another name for temporal lobe epilepsy?
psychomotor seizures, or complex partial seizures
What are some symptoms of temporal lobe epilepsy?
1. olfactory hallucinations (usually involving bad smells)
2. gustatory hallucinations (of bad tastes)
3. auditory hallucinations
4. visual hallucinations
5. rhythmic movement related to feeding (chewing, licking, swallowing)
6. amnesia
7. aggressive behavior
What characterizes alzheimer's disease?
memory loss, depression, paranoia, and aggression