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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
HOME mnemonic
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Homeostasis-hypothalamus
Olfaction-olfactory bulb Memory-hippocampus Emotion-amygdala |
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mesocortical structures
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transitional cortex between 6 layered neocortex and 3 layered archicortex
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mesocortical pathway is a neural pathway that connects the ventral tegmentum to the cerebral cortex, particularly the frontal lobes. It is one of the four major dopamine pathways in the brain.
It is essential to the normal cognitive function of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (part of the frontal lobe), and is thought to be involved in motivation and emotional response. This pathway may be the brain system that is abnormal or functioning abnormally in psychoses, such as schizophrenia[1]. It is thought to be associated with the negative symptoms of schizophrenia which include avolition, alogia and flat affect (lack of emotional response). This pathway is closely associated with the mesolimbic pathway, also known as the reward pathway. |
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archicortical structures
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3-layered cortex
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corticoid
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surface structures that have more deep nuclear morphology
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mesocortical composition
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parhippocampal cortex
cingulate cortex paraterminal gyrus caudal orbitofrontal cortex insular cortex temporal pole cortex |
limbic lobe
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archicortex composition
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hippocampal formation
primary olfactory cortex |
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corticoid areas
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deep, merged with subcortical nuclei
amygdala septal area substantia innominata (nucleas basalis of meynert) |
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intracortical pathway
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involved in emotion, comportment, attention and memory
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subcortical pathway
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goes through hypothalamus and brainstem and regulates homeostasis and social behaviors
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amydala and septal area
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receptor cells in olfactory epithelium
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axons pass through cribriform plate of ethmoid bone to synapse on mitral and tufted cells in olfactory bulb
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mitral and tufted cells in glomerulus of olfactory system
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long axons that form the olfactory tract and synapse here
has piriform cortex (emotional aspect) and periamygdaloid cortex |
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vivid memories brought on by smell
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piriform cortex sends to entorhinal cortex, which has connections with hippocampus
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zones of hippocampus
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subiculum (not archicortex)
hippocampus proper dentate gyrus |
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main input to hippocampus
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entorhinal cortex to perforant pathway to dentate nucleus
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main output of hippocampus
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fornix
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declarative memory
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conscious recollection of facts or experiences
amnesia affects this memory |
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implicit memory
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unconcious learning of skills, habits and behaviors
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working memory
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holding a certain concept briefly in awareness
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recent memory
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ability to recall event in recent past
4-5 minutes |
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remote memory
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ability to recall past, like where grew up or attended high school
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anterograde amnesia
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inability to form new memories
(medial temporal lobe) |
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retrograde amnesia
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loss of memory for period prior to injury
(medial temporal, hippocampus) |
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features of wernicke-korsakoff syndrome
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ataxia
nystagmus confusion confabulation anterograde/retrograde amnesia |
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main nuclei of amygdala
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basolateral
corticomedial central |
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amygdala nucleus that regulates pituitary function and social behavior
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corticomedial
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amygdala nucleus that modulates visceral and autonomic functions
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central
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amygdala nucleus that is involved in auditory and visual recognition of things
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basolateral
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pleasure states are associated with this nuclei
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septal
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features of kluver bucy syndrome
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bilateral amygdala lesion
passive non-aggressive hypersexual oral fixation |
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seizure with intact consciousness, auras, with motor, sensory, autonomic or psychic disturbances
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simple partial
treat with everything but ethosux or benzos |
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seizure with impaired consciousness
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complex partial
treat with everything but ethosux or benzos |
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blank stare seizure
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absence or petit mal
DOC is ethosux, can use valproate |
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quick, repetitive jerky seizure
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myoclonic
treat with valproate |
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alternating stiffening and movement seizure
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grand mal or tonic/clonic
also febrile treat with PCV first, can use anything but ethosux or benzos |
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stiffening seizures
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tonic
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drop seizure, falls to floor but isn't fainting
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atonic
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location in brain when there is a vague feeling and fear in a seizure/aura
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medial temporal lobe
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location in brain when there is staring, unresponsiveness and lip smacking
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temporal lobe
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this cortex mediates consious perception of smell
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orbitofrontal
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orbitofrontal cortex has reciprocal connections with this nucleus of the thalamus
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mediodorsal
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mediodorsal nucleus of thalamus has reciprocal connections with these structures
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orbitofrontal
prefrontal hypothalamus |
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mediodorsal nucleus receives input from this structures
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amygdala (behavior and memory)
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anterior nucleus of thalamus receives input from these tracts via the mamillary nucleus
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mamillothalamic tract and fornix
projects to cingulate gyrus |
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only sensory system that doesn't relay through the thalamus
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olfactory nerve
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characteristics of mitral cells
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excitatory and glutaminergic cells of olfaction
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