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45 Cards in this Set

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HOME mnemonic
Homeostasis-hypothalamus
Olfaction-olfactory bulb
Memory-hippocampus
Emotion-amygdala
mesocortical structures
transitional cortex between 6 layered neocortex and 3 layered archicortex
mesocortical pathway is a neural pathway that connects the ventral tegmentum to the cerebral cortex, particularly the frontal lobes. It is one of the four major dopamine pathways in the brain.

It is essential to the normal cognitive function of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (part of the frontal lobe), and is thought to be involved in motivation and emotional response.

This pathway may be the brain system that is abnormal or functioning abnormally in psychoses, such as schizophrenia[1]. It is thought to be associated with the negative symptoms of schizophrenia which include avolition, alogia and flat affect (lack of emotional response).

This pathway is closely associated with the mesolimbic pathway, also known as the reward pathway.
archicortical structures
3-layered cortex
corticoid
surface structures that have more deep nuclear morphology
mesocortical composition
parhippocampal cortex
cingulate cortex
paraterminal gyrus
caudal orbitofrontal cortex
insular cortex
temporal pole cortex
limbic lobe
archicortex composition
hippocampal formation
primary olfactory cortex
corticoid areas
deep, merged with subcortical nuclei
amygdala
septal area
substantia innominata (nucleas basalis of meynert)
intracortical pathway
involved in emotion, comportment, attention and memory
subcortical pathway
goes through hypothalamus and brainstem and regulates homeostasis and social behaviors
amydala and septal area
receptor cells in olfactory epithelium
axons pass through cribriform plate of ethmoid bone to synapse on mitral and tufted cells in olfactory bulb
mitral and tufted cells in glomerulus of olfactory system
long axons that form the olfactory tract and synapse here

has piriform cortex (emotional aspect) and periamygdaloid cortex
vivid memories brought on by smell
piriform cortex sends to entorhinal cortex, which has connections with hippocampus
zones of hippocampus
subiculum (not archicortex)

hippocampus proper

dentate gyrus
main input to hippocampus
entorhinal cortex to perforant pathway to dentate nucleus
main output of hippocampus
fornix
declarative memory
conscious recollection of facts or experiences

amnesia affects this memory
implicit memory
unconcious learning of skills, habits and behaviors
working memory
holding a certain concept briefly in awareness
recent memory
ability to recall event in recent past

4-5 minutes
remote memory
ability to recall past, like where grew up or attended high school
anterograde amnesia
inability to form new memories

(medial temporal lobe)
retrograde amnesia
loss of memory for period prior to injury

(medial temporal, hippocampus)
features of wernicke-korsakoff syndrome
ataxia
nystagmus
confusion
confabulation
anterograde/retrograde amnesia
main nuclei of amygdala
basolateral

corticomedial

central
amygdala nucleus that regulates pituitary function and social behavior
corticomedial
amygdala nucleus that modulates visceral and autonomic functions
central
amygdala nucleus that is involved in auditory and visual recognition of things
basolateral
pleasure states are associated with this nuclei
septal
features of kluver bucy syndrome
bilateral amygdala lesion
passive
non-aggressive
hypersexual
oral fixation
seizure with intact consciousness, auras, with motor, sensory, autonomic or psychic disturbances
simple partial

treat with everything but ethosux or benzos
seizure with impaired consciousness
complex partial

treat with everything but ethosux or benzos
blank stare seizure
absence or petit mal

DOC is ethosux, can use valproate
quick, repetitive jerky seizure
myoclonic


treat with valproate
alternating stiffening and movement seizure
grand mal or tonic/clonic

also febrile

treat with PCV first, can use anything but ethosux or benzos
stiffening seizures
tonic
drop seizure, falls to floor but isn't fainting
atonic
location in brain when there is a vague feeling and fear in a seizure/aura
medial temporal lobe
location in brain when there is staring, unresponsiveness and lip smacking
temporal lobe
this cortex mediates consious perception of smell
orbitofrontal
orbitofrontal cortex has reciprocal connections with this nucleus of the thalamus
mediodorsal
mediodorsal nucleus of thalamus has reciprocal connections with these structures
orbitofrontal

prefrontal

hypothalamus
mediodorsal nucleus receives input from this structures
amygdala (behavior and memory)
anterior nucleus of thalamus receives input from these tracts via the mamillary nucleus
mamillothalamic tract and fornix

projects to cingulate gyrus
only sensory system that doesn't relay through the thalamus
olfactory nerve
characteristics of mitral cells
excitatory and glutaminergic cells of olfaction