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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 roles of the pericardium?
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Fixes heart in mediastinum; prevents over dilatation;
infection barrier |
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What is acute pericarditis?
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Inflammation of the pericardial layers via multiple etiologies that are infectious (viral,TB, G+ bacteria) or noninfectious.
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Which of the following is not a form of Noninfectious Acute Pericarditis: Dressler, MI, Uremia, Radiation/Drug Induced, Connective Tissue Disease, Neoplastic disease, Staphylococcus Aureus
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Staphylococcus
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Describe the 3 stages of the inflammatory process of pericarditis.
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1. local vasodilation leads to transudation;
2. increased vascular permeability causes protein leakage; 3. leukocyte exudation |
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Distinguish Pathologic appearance of serous, Serofibrinous, Suppurative, and hemmoragic pericarditis.
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Serous - few PMNs; Serofibrinous - plasma proteins "bread and butter"; Suppurative - pus exudate with erythematous serosal surface; hemmoragic - blood
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How does the pain in pericarditis differ from Myocardial ischemia?
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pleurtic, positional and sharp
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what are the EKG abnormalities often seen in pericarditis?
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diffuse ST segment elevation and PR segment depression
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What is acute pericarditis' treatment? (Viral/Post MI/Purulent/Uremic)
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Idiopathic/Viral = rest + pain relief; Post MI = avoid other NSAIDs except ASA; Purulent requires ABX and drainage; Uremic = Dialysis
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What is Pericardial Effusion?
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abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity.
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What 3 factors determines the initial presentation of symptoms in pericardial effusion?
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volume of fluid, rate fluid accumulates, compliance of the pericardium
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What is one of the most useful noninvasive methods to quantify pericardial effusion and evaluate for cardiac tamponade?
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Echocardiography (as little ast 20 ml)
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What is Treatment for Pericardial Effusion?
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IF Cause is known, treat that; if not evident then fluid removal.
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What is cardiac Tamponade?
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Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity under high pressure causing cardic compression.
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Describe the structural consequences of Cardiac Tamponade on the heart and vasculature.
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Right sided Heart failure with JVD and pulmonary congestion.
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What physical sign is important in recognizing Cardiac Tamponade?
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Pulsus paradoxus (Systolic BP drops cyclically with inspiration)
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What is blunted in RA pressure tracing in cardiac tamponade?
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y descent
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What is the pathogenesis and physiologic consequence of constrictive pericarditis?
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Post pericardial effusion, fluid undergoes organization and fusion of the 2 layers. This is followed by scar formation, which stiffens the pericardium. This rigid, stiff pericardium impairs normal filling of the cardiac chambers.
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What is constrictive pericarditis often mistaken for?
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hepatic cirrhosis, or intraabdominal tumor
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How is constrictive pericarditis treated?
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Surgical removal of the pericardium.
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