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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Parsons |
the Father of Vocational Guidance, wrote the book Choosing a Vocation
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Vocational Guidance
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is seen as developmental and educational process within the school system
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career counseling
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therapeutic service for adults performed outside of an educational setting
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career
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the total work one does in a lifetime plus leisure
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leisure
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the time one has away from work which is not being utilized for obligations
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dual career families...
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have less leisure time
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trait and factor approach
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actuarial or matching approach, attempts to match the worker and the work environment, assuming that there is one best or single career for the person. theory says that an individuals traits can be matched so a career choice is a one time process, testing is an important part of this process.
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trait and factor approach was coined by....
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Parsons and Williamson
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Edmund Griffith Williamson
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used the Minnesota Occupational Rating Scale for a scientific, didactic approach
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Trait and factor does NOT
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take into consideration the changes throughout the life span
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Anne Roe
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personality approach to career choice based on the premise that a job satisfies an unconscious need, career choice influenced by genetics, parent child interaction, unconscious motivators, current needs, inters, education and intelligence
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Fields and Levels approach, 8 fields, 6 levels
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Anne Roe
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Fields:
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service, business contact, organizations, technology, outdoor, science, general culture and arts/entertainment
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Levels:
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professional and managerial 1, profession al and managerial 2, semiprofessional/small business, skilled, semi skilled, and unskilled
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Roe's parenting styles
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overprotective, avoidant, acceptant...these impact whether or not a child gravitates toward people or away from people, impacting career choice.
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Bordin
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felt that career choices could be used to solve unconscious conflicts, felt that difficulties related to job choice were indicative of neurotic symptoms
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Brill
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emphasized sublimation as an ego defense mechanism...example a person who likes to cut things up might be a surgeon or a butcher
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John Holland
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the most popular approach to career choice today, 4 assumptions: 6 personality types, work environments correspond to those, people search for agreeable environments, behavior is determined by personality and environment
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Holland's 6 basic personality types
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AS RICE
artistic, social, realistic, investigative, conventional, enterprising |
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Structural/Personality Theorists (3)
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Roe, Britt and Holland
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Social personality type
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likes to solve problems using interpersonal skills and feelings
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enterprising personality
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likes to sell to other or perform leadership tasks, values power and status
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realistic or motoristic personality
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likes machines
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investigative personality
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likes to think his or her way through problems
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artistic personality
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values feelings or pure intellect or cognitive ability
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conventional personality
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values conformity, structure, rules and feels comfortable in a subordinate role
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Holland believed...
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that a given occupation will attract persons with similar personalities.
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Henry Murry is associated with the
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"Needs-press" theory
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Ginzburg, Ginsburg, Axelrad and Herma were
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pioneers in the area of career choice with the belief that it was a longitudinal process rather than a single choice
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Ginzburg and colleagues believed
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1) the process of career choice does not end in adulthood 2) career choices are made throughout the lifespan 3)career choice is reversible
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Ginzburg's 3 stages of career development
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1)fantasy (birth to 11)
2)tentative (11-17) 3) realistic (age 17- early 20's) |
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Donald Super
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most popular developmental career theorist who emphasized self concept
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Super's 5 stages of career development
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1)Growth (birth to 14)
2)Exploration (15-24) 3)Establishment (24-44) 4)Maintenance (44-64) 5)Decline (65+) |
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life-career rainbow
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the graphic display of the roles of our lives unfolding over the life span (SUPER)
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theaters
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the places where our roles are played out such a home , community, school, work (SUPER)
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John Crites
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he performed research on career maturity or vocational maturity
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Tiedman and O'Hara
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coined the "decision making theory" which refers to periods of anticipation and implementation/adjustment
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John Krumboltz
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postulated a social learning approach to career choice based on the work of Bandura, behavioristic model, might suggest a site visit to a work setting
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RJP
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realistic job preview by contacting and interviewing someone in the field of choice
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guided imagery
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to imagine a day in the field of choice
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Gelatt Decision Model
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created by Harry B. Gelatt refers to information as the "fuel of the decision"
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Gelatt Model's 3 systems
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1)predictive
2)value 3)decision |
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predictive system
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alternatives and the probability of outcomes
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value system
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concerned with one's relative preferences regarding the outcomes
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decision system
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provides rules and criteria for evaluating the outcome
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Linda Gottfredson's developmental theory focuses on....
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circumscription and compromise theory says that people restrict their choices and when they compromise they sacrifice the field of work
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Dictionary of Occupational Titles was ....
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first published in 1939, gives each title a 9 digit code, with the first 3 digits referring to the occupational group.
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GOE (Guide for Occupational Exploration) has ....
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14 interest areas and helps job seekers explore jobs in given interest areas
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self efficacy theory
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Bandura proposed that one's belief of expectation of being successful in an occupation cause them to gravitate toward that particular occupation.
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compensatory effect
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a worker compensates or makes up for things that they can't do on the job (a loud librarian)
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Spillover
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a worker's job spills over into their time off
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recency effect
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when a rater's judgment of an employee reflects primarily his or her most recent performance
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central tendency bias
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when a rater keeps most everyone in the average range
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lifestyle
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a broad tem that includes work, leisure and style of living
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Self directed search (SDS) is....
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based on the work of Holland, self administered, self score and self interpreted
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sedentary work
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maximum lifting up to 10 pounds
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light work
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max lift 20 pounds
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medium work
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max lift 50 lbs
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heavy work
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max lift 100 lbs
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very heavy work
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max lift exceeds 100lbs
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76% of jobs
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are not advertised
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SDS scores will reveal
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the individual's three highest scores based on Holland's personality types
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Holland's graphical representation is in the shape of
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a hexagon
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2 Interest inventorie
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the Strong and the Kuder
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GATB
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General Aptitude Test Battery is utilized by the state employment security offices.
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DAT
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Differential Aptitude Test helps students decide whether a student should attend college
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ASFAB
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Armed Services Vocational Aptitud
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Occupational Sex Segregation concept
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means that most women hold low paying jobs with low status
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SIGI Plus
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System Interactive Guidance and Information is a computer career program that allows students to conduct a self assessment and explore career options
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Job finding clubs
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are behavioristic groups were clients share job leads and working on skills to secure work such as resumes and interviews
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Hoppock
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says that we should find a job to fit our needs
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Crites
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well known for his CMI or Career Maturity Inventory
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Career testing difficulties include
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stereotyping, biased tests in favor of white middle class clients and the counselor may rely too heavily on the tests.
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