Lifespan Psychology - Chapter 8

Front 1

a type of gender identity in which the person scores high on both masculine and feminine personality characterisitcs

Back 1

androgyny

Front 2

a form of true social participation in which children are engaged in separate activities, but they interact by exchanging toys and comment on one another's behavior

Back 2

associative play

Front 3

a child-rearing style that is low in acceptance and involvement, high in coercive and psychological control, and low in autonomy granting

Back 3

authoritarian child-rearing style

Front 4

a child-rearing style that is high in acceptance and involvement, that emphasizes adaptive control techniques, and that includes appropriate autonomy granting

Back 4

authoritative child-rearing style

Front 5

combinations of parenting behaviors that occur in a wide range of situations, thereby creating an enduring child-rearing climate

Back 5

child-rearing styles

Front 6

a form of true social participation in which children's actions are directed toward a common goal

Back 6

cooperative play

Front 7

the understanding that sex is biologically based and remains the same even if clothing, hairstyle, and play activities change

Back 7

gender constancy

Front 8

an image of oneself as relatively masculine or feminine in characteristics

Back 8

gender identity

Front 9

an information-processing approach to gender typing that combines social learning and cognitive-developmental features to explain how environmental pressures and children's cognitions work together to shape gender-role development

Back 9

gender schema theory

Front 10

any association of objects, roles, or traits with one sex or the other in ways that conform to cultural stereotypes

Back 10

gender typing

Front 11

aggression intended to harm another individual

Back 11

hostile aggression

Front 12

a sens of self as knower and actor, which includes the realization that the self is separate from the surrounding world, remains the same person over time, has a private inner life not accesible to others, and controls its own thoughts and actions

Back 12

I-self

Front 13

a type of discipline in which the effects of the child's misbehavior on others are communicated to the child

Back 13

induction

Front 14

in Erickson's theory, the psychological conflict of early childhood, which is resolved positively through play experiences that foster a healthy sense of initiative and through development of superego, or conscience, that is not overly strict and guilt-ridden

Back 14

initiative versus guilt

Front 15

aggression aimed at obtaining an object, privilege, or space with no deliberate intent to harm another person

Back 15

instrumental aggression

Front 16

concerns that do not violate rights, are not socially regulated, and therefore are up to the individual

Back 16

matters of personal choice

Front 17

a sens of self as object of knowledge and evaluation, which consists of all qualities that make the self unique; physical characterisitcs and possessions; psychological characteristics, including desires, attitudes, beliefs, and personality traits; and social characterisitcs

Back 17

me-self

Front 18

standards that protect people's rights and welfare

Back 18

moral imperatives

Front 19

unoccupied, onlooker behavior and solitary play

Back 19

nonsocial activity

Front 20

a form of limited social participation in which the child plays near other children with similar materials but does not interact with them

Back 20

parallel play

Front 21

a child-rearing style that is high in acceptance but overindulging or inattentive, low in control, and lenient rather than appropriate in autonomy granting

Back 21

permissive child-rearing style

Front 22

a type of hostile aggression that harms others through physical injury; includes pushing, hitting, kicking, punching, or destroying another's property

Back 22

physical aggression

Front 23

actions that benefit another person without any expected reward for the self

Back 23

prosocial, or altruistic, behavior

Front 24

parental behaviors that intrude on and manipulate children's verbal expressions, individuality, and attachments to parents

Back 24

psychological control

Front 25

a form of hostile aggression that damages another's peer relationships through social exclusion, malicious gossip, or friendship manipulation

Back 25

relational aggression

Front 26

the sume total of attributes, abilities, attitudes, and values that an individual believes defines who he or she is

Back 26

self-concept

Front 27

an aspect of self-concept that involves judgements about one's own worth and the feelings associated with those judgements

Back 27

self-esteem

Front 28

customs determined solely by consensus, such as table manners

Back 28

social conventions

Front 29

feelings of concern or sorrow for another's plight

Back 29

sympathy

Front 30

a form of mild punishment in which children are removed from the immediate setting until they are ready to act appropriately

Back 30

time out

Front 31

a child-rearing style that combines low acceptance and involvement with little control and general indifference to autonomy granting

Back 31

uninvolved child-rearing style

Front 32

a type of hostile aggression that harms others through threats of physical aggression, name-calling, or hostile teasing

Back 32

verbal aggression