Lifespan Developmental Psychology-Ch.4 Infancy And Toddlerhood

Front 1

What is reflexive behavior?

Back 1

Coughing, blinking, and seeking nipple when their cheeks are touched.

Front 2

What is inherited behavior?

Back 2

Programmed behavior which is performed without prior experience.

Front 3

What are motor skills?

Back 3

A skill required for proper usage of the skeletal muscles. (crawling and walking)

Front 4

What are neurons?

Back 4

Nerve cells of the central nervous system.

Front 5

What are Axons?

Back 5

Nerve fibers that transmit impulses from neurons to dendrites.

Front 6

What are Dendrites?

Back 6

Nerve fibers that connect neurons and receive impulses transmitted from one neuron to another via their axons.

Front 7

Physiological states are?

Back 7

referring to levels of physiological arousal. (quiet sleep, alert wakefulness)

Front 8

What is quiet sleep?

Back 8

Breathing is slow and regular.

Front 9

What is Active sleep?

Back 9

Facial muscles move and breathing is somewhat irregular with some rapid breathing.

Front 10

What is Alert Wakefulness?

Back 10

Breathing is regular and the infants eyes are bright.

Front 11

What is active crying?

Back 11

The process of shedding tears, accompanied with sobs or other inarticulate sounds.

Front 12

What is the breathing reflex?

Back 12

Maintains the proper oxygen level for the infant. (hiccups, spit-ups and sneezes help coordinate breathing, swallowing and sucking)

Front 13

What is the sucking reflex?

Back 13

Assists in feeding. Infants will suck anything that touches their mouths.

Front 14

What is the rooting reflex?

Back 14

Helps infants find a nipple by automatically turning their heads and sucking when something brushes their cheek.

Front 15

What is the Moro Reflex (Startle Reflex)?

Back 15

When startled the infant will fling their arms outward and then pulls them back to their chest.

Front 16

What is the Babinski reflex?

Back 16

When feet are touched and stroked the big toe will turn inward and the others fan out.

Front 17

What is the Plantar reflex?

Back 17

Toe flexion when the sole of the foot is gently stroked.

Front 18

What is the stepping reflex?

Back 18

Flexion and extension of the legs when held up erect.

Front 19

What is the tonic neck reflex?

Back 19

When the head is turned to one side the arm they are facing extends out and opposite are curls upward into a fencing stance.

Front 20

What is the Palmar reflex?

Back 20

Causes the baby to grasp anything placed in the palm.

Front 21

What is the swimming reflex?

Back 21

Allows baby's to hold their breath and tread when slowly lowered under the water.

Front 22

What is habituation?

Back 22

Getting used to an experience after repeated exposure to it.

Front 23

What is Marasmus?

Back 23

Not getting the nourishment they need to sustain life. Lack of growth, wasting of body tissue and even death.

Front 24

What is kwashiorkor?

Back 24

Lack of protein. Bloating in the face, legs and abdomen. Hair also becomes colorless and brittle.

Front 25

What is protein calorie malnutrition?

Back 25

Most serious and most common form of lack of nourishment.

Front 26

Explain Piaget's stages of cognitive development during the Sensory Motor Period.

Back 26

Stage 1. Circular reactions. birth to 1 month. Develops reflexes such as suckling, grasping, etc.
Stage 2. Circular reactions. 1-4 months. First acquires adaptation-assimilation and coordination of reflexes.
Stage 3. Secondary circular reactions. 4-8 months. Develops awareness of things, people and objects.
Stage 4. Secondary circular reactions. 8-12 months. Forms new adaptations and anticipations of actions(more deliberate actions).
Stage 5. Tertiary circular reactions. 12-18 months. Discovery of new ways to produce the same consequence or goal through experimenting.
Stage 6. Tertiary circular reactions. 18-24 months. Evidence of an internal representational system. problem solving and then responding.

Front 27

What does reversal describe?

Back 27

Allows babies to reverse the situation (pull the plush animal out from under a blanket)

Front 28

What is a schema?

Back 28

A mental model that an infant forms to help make sense of the characteristics of people, objects, events and situations.

Front 29

What is assimilation?

Back 29

Fitting information into their current schema.

Front 30

What is accommodation?

Back 30

Revising their schema's to fit new information.

Front 31

What is object permanence?

Back 31

The awareness that objects exist even though they may no longer be in view.

Front 32

What is intermodal perception?

Back 32

The ability to associate info from one sense (hearing) with information from another (vision).

Front 33

What is cross-modal perception?

Back 33

The ability to use info from one sensory modality to imagine something in another.

Front 34

What are the stages of language acquisition?

Back 34

1. Cooing- Up to 6 months. Infants coo using all the phonomes from every language.
2. Babbling- 4to6 months. Selectively use the phonemes from their native language.
3. One-word Utterances- 12 months. Start using words.
4. Telegraphic speech- 2yo. Start making multi-word utterances that lack function words.
5. Normal speech- 5-6yo. Children have almost normal speech.

Front 35

What is motherese?

Back 35

Baby talk that is high pitched with a simplified vocabulary, shorter sentences and low to high fluctuations.

Front 36

What is ethnological perspective?

Back 36

Belief that many behaviors and emotions of humans can adapt for survival of the species.

Front 37

What is stranger wary?

Back 37

At six months children become afraid of unfamiliar people.

Front 38

What is Separation anxiety?

Back 38

Infants fear of being separated from the caregiver. At about 9 months old.

Front 39

What is personality?

Back 39

Unique patterns of thoughts and behaviors.

Front 40

What is temperament?

Back 40

The consistent, basic disposition that is an inherent part of a person. Regulates their reactivity, emotionality, and sociability. Can be easy going, slow to warm up or difficult.

Front 41

What is Bonding and Attachment?

Back 41

Bonding is the emotional tie a parent feels toward a child.
Attachment is the relationship between the infant and parent that builds and changes over time.

Front 42

Describe securely attached.

Back 42

Babies comfortable playing with stranger around. When mother returned baby went to her and calmed down after hug then went back to play.

Front 43

Describe Insecurely attached avoidant.

Back 43

Babies didnt care if mother was there. Stranger could comfort them. when mother returned baby ignored her.

Front 44

Describe Insecurely attached resistant.

Back 44

Babies stayed close to mother. anxious and nervous. Severely upset when mother left and unable to console when she returned.

Front 45

Describe Insecurely attached disoriented.

Back 45

Unsure how to behave. display disorganized behavior toward mother.

Front 46

Describe Autonomous?

Back 46

Adults who believe that attachment are important and who can discuss them objectively, no matter their past experiences.

Front 47

Describe Dismissing?

Back 47

Adults who place no value on attachments in their lives and who idealize their parents with no concrete examples to reinforce this thought.

Front 48

Describe Preoccupied?

Back 48

Adults who are preoccupied with the past and who cannot discuss their past attachments without emotion especially about their parents.

Front 49

Describe Unresolved?

Back 49

Adults who cannot deal with their past attachments and who may be coping with the loss of a parent.