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250 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sociology student are asked to participate in an experiment. The researcher gives them a paper which is likey to be about...
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Informed Consent
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The developmental domain that includes the individual's acquisition of stable & enduring traits & sense of self is the...
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Personality domain
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In child development there are...
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Critical periods and sensitive periods
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Cohort effects area concerned with people of different...
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Age groups
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Which social scientist conducted the Little Albert experiment?
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J.B. Watson
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Until the middle ages, children were treated as...
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Miniature adults
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Human development is a process that...
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Begins at birth and ends at death
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In a human development context, culture is...
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Beliefs, norms, practices, and ethnicity
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In a human development context, society is...
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An organized group of interacting people
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The assumption that what we hold as beliefs or customs is right and that other views are wrong is called...
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Ethnocentric bias
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Which type of research gathers a large amount of data on an individual, family or community as the basis?
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Case study
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Which type of research uses the paper-and-pencil method to gather information on a group?
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Survey
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An internet survey open to anyone is an example of data that is...
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Not random or representative
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Maturation and learning function...
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Independently and together
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Systematic observations can be done in a naturalistic setting such as...
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Children in a playground
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If a test measures what it claims to measure, then it is...
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Valid
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If a test measures effectively in repeated use, it is...
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Reliable
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A test that has norms based on a representative sample is...
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Standardized
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A study that tracks the achievement of a specific group of children from 1st grade through High School graduation is a...
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Longitudinal Design
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A study of the average SAT scores of students admitted to a certain state university system in 2000, 2002 & 2004 is a...
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Cross-Sectional Design
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A study of reading progress for kindergarteners and 1st graders in which each group is studied 2 years over a 10 year period is a...
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Sequential-Cohort Design
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What element is manipulated in a group experimental design?
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Independent variable
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What element may or may not show an effect as a result of manipulation by another element?
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Dependent variable
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In research with human subjects, participants must be protected from...
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Harm
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The observed behavior before the experiment begins is the...
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Baseline
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Active development is organismic; passive development is...
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Mechanistic
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Psychodynamic approaches focus on ___ workings of the mind as played out against ___ reality.
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Inner, external
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In Freudian psychoanalysis, what does the Id represent?
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Primitive, hedonistic component of personality
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In Freudian psychoanalysis, what does the Ego represent?
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Conscious, reality-oriented component
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In Freudian psychoanalysis, what does the Superego represent?
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Conscience which includes the ideal
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Catharsis with aggression is...
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Healthy within limits
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The Psychosexual Stage where elimination is the focus is...
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Anal
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The Oedipus or Electra complex develops during which stage?
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Phallic
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The Psychosocial Model was developed by...
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Erikson
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Exploring the enviornment with a "can-do" attitude is in stage...
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III Initiative vs Guilt
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Choosing to give of self and helping in the community is in stage...
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VII Generativity vs Stagnation
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Thinking and knowing are which type of behaviors?
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Covert
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Classical conditioning was developed by...
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Pavlov
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If a satisfying behavior is repeated and an unpleasant behavior is avoided, what rule is displayed?
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Law of Effect
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According to learning theorists, when learning begins, progress is...
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Rapid
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Self-efficiancy is important to...
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Bandura
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The Father of Cognitive Development Theory was...
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Piaget
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Making new information part of an existing schema is...
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Assimilation
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In which Piaget Stage does a child begin to think logically, classify and use math operations?
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Concrete
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In what Piaget Stage does language development occur?
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Preoperational
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Vygotsky believed that a child's understanding of the world came from...
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Shared meaning
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In processing information, a computer operates as a ___ unit while the brain operates as a ___ unit.
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Serial, parallel
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Ethology or imprinting is associated with which researcher?
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Lorenz
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Evolutionary Pyschologists do not believe in...
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Altruism
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Bowlby studied the importance of infant/caregiver...
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Attachment
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The Genetic Code is found in the...
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DNA
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A pair or genes that come from mother and father is...
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Alleles
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Sickle cell anemia is an example of incomplete...
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Dominance
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Which of these is NOT a genetic disorder?
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Night-blindness
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The functional abilities of a person with Down's syndrome...
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Vary in ability for each person
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The chromosomal abnormality in which a WOMAN lacks reproductive organs is...
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Turner Syndrome
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This disorder has been associated with aggression and violence:
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Supermale syndrome
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Abnormalities that are NOT related to sex chromosomes are...
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Autosomal
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Which is not an abnormality of a specific ethnic group.
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Cystic Fibrosis
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The correlation of characteristics among biologically related people is also known as...
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Concordance
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Which type of twins has the highest degree of similarity?
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Monozygotic
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The way we automatically block out noise and distraction is by...
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Habituation
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The belief that your culture is superior to all others is...
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Ethnocentrism
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The fertilized egg is initially called a/an...
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Zygote
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The period after implantation is called...
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Embryonic
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The age of viability for a fetus is...
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24 weeks
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Congenital abnormalities are greatest among females who are...
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35-40 years old
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Which maternal disease has the greatest effect on the baby?
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Rubella
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Which is not a teratogen dangerous to the fetus?
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Bulimia
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Prescription drugs taken during pregnancy...
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May be a risk to the fetus
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Which choice of the mother can restrict oxygen and uterine blood flow?
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Smoking
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Braxton-Hicks contractions are also know as...
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False labor
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The least invasive method of prenatal screening is...
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Ultrasound
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The baby is at risk for anoxia in which position?
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Feet down
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An Apgar Score of 7 is...
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Normal
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Neonates exhibit 2 types of reflexes: survival and...
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Primitive
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A major problem for low birth weight infants is...
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Temperature control
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Which assessment is performed within days of birth?
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Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment
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The pincer grasp developes at approximately age...
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9 to 12 months
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The ability to imitate adult actions & feed self occurs at...
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13 to 24 months
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Translating external stimuli into neural impulses is...
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Sensation
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The realization that things outside sight still exist is...
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Object permanence
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In early language acquisition, using on word to communicate a thought is...
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Holophrasic speech
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Which researcher believed that children are preprogrammed to learn language so that they do it actively, if not consciously?
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Chomsky
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At 7 months old, an infant often experiences...
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Stranger anxiety
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Inconsistent or unresponsive caregiving is indicative of which type of attachment?
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Insecure
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Anger or avoidance of the mother is indicative of which type of attachment?
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Resistant
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Failure-to-Thrive syndrome is most often the result of...
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Neglect
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Sibling attachment begins in...
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Infancy
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Major concerns about infant day care include all EXCEPT...
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High pay for staff
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The startle reflex of infants is the...
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Moro reflex
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Medical care needs can make this difficult for parents with high risk infants.
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Attachment
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During the transition from reflex to higher level of control, an infant is at risk for which condition?
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Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
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The growth trend from the midline outward is...
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Proximodistal
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Inadequate nutrition over long periods of time is called...
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Marasmus
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Infants are born with complete visual structures but lack...
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Organization
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Within days of birth, infants can ___ sounds.
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Localize
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The earliest forms of mental representation are...
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Actions
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When a child calls all flying creatures,"birdie," he is using...
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Overextension
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The language Acquisition Device is...
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Not a structure, but a process
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A child's brain is nearly the same size of an adult brain at age...
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5 years
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Skills become identified with different parts of the brain in a process known as...
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Localization
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Functional subordination means that a child...
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Learns by doing
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Children's actions with no goal, for sheer pleasure are...
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Intrinsically motivated
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A young child's belief that whatever moves is alive is...
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Animism
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A young child seeing events in only one direction is an example of...
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Irreversibility
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A young child focusing on one dimension and excluding all others is...
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Centration
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Piaget's "liquid beakers" problem showed what young children understand about...
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Conservation
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Young children ___ have the ability to spontaneously organize and mentally rehearse information the way other children do.
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Do not
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The first type of memory to develope is...
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Visual
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Growing up bilingual is for young children a/an...
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Advantage
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Play is also called...
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The work of childhood
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Dramatic play includes all EXCEPT...
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Collective monologues
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Play satisfies a childs need to...
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Explore and experiment
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Having an imaginary companion to play with is...
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Normal
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Young chidren fear all EXCEPT...
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Death
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Teaching children to behave in a socially excepted ways is...
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Emotional Regulation
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Watching long hours of television tends to increase ___ behaviors in children.
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Aggressive
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Which family member is 5 times more likely to abuse female children?
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Stepfather
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All are types of psychological abuse EXCEPT...
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Rejection
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Many child abusers were...
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Abandoned as children
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Inflexible parents who restrict their children's independence are...
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Authoritarian
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Which parenting style produces children who tend to be self-reliant and socially competent?
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Authoritative
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Gender schemes are based on cultural standards and...
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Stereotypes
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A complete blend of masculine and feminine traits is a/an...
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Androgynous personality
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A child who complains of unexplained muscle pains really has...
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Growing pains from skeletal maturation
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The growth spurt for girls begins at ages 9-10 and for boys at age...
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11 years
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The primary cause of childhood obesity is...
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Enviornmental factors
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The main cause of childhood deaths is...
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Accidents
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In the concrete operational stage,the 6-12 year old understands...
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Reversibility
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The ability to chunk items together is called...
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Rehearsal
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Using logic to fill in missing information is...
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Semantic Elaboration
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Thinking about thinking is a process known as...
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Metacognition
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Language skills developed in middle childhood include all EXCEPT...
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Participles
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The first IQ test was created by...
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Alfred Binet
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Which type of test is an IQ test?
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Norm reference
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The IQ test developed by Weschler added which new component?
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Deviation IQ
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IQ scores are distributed along the...
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Bell curve
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In Gardener's Theory of Multiple Intelligences, what kind of intelligence is shown by Oprah Winfrey on her TV show?
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Interpersonal
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Sternberg's Trarchic concept of intelligence was later expanded to a theory of...
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Successful Intelligence
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Children have the most difficulty with adjustment issues when the gap between expectations at home & those at school...
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Is wide
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Mental Retardation is measured...
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In 4 levels
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At which level of mental retardation is academic training not effective?
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Profound
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Learning disorders can be found among children with...
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Average to above average IQs
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The most common disorder that impairs learning to read is...
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Dyslexia
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Characteristics of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder are all EXCEPT...
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Focused
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Self-concept emerges when the child has a stable and ___ picture of himself.
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Realistic
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The Preconventional, Conventional and Postconventional stages of moral development is the theory of...
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Kohlberg
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Remarriage after a divorce creates a ___ family.
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Reconstituted
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Prejudice is an attitude that can lead to...
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discrimination
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The official begining of puberty for girls is...
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Menarche
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The official beginging of puberty for boys is...
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Semen emmision with sperm cells
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Body image is lowest for...
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Girls
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Bulemia is an eating disorder characterized by...
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Binge and purge
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Liberalization of teen views about sex leads to all EXCEPT...
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Greater contraceptive use
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Sexual abuse of an adolescent girl is usually perpetrated by...
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Adult male relative
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Sexual abuse of an adolescent boy is usually a...
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Same-sex encounter
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Teen mothers trying to raise infants are more likely to do all EXCEPT...
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Earn a college scholarship
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Which Piaget stage corresponds with adolesence?
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Formal operational
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Adolescent thought processes are capable of...
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Combining relavent variables
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The assumption that everyone watches what they do is...
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Egocentrism
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An adolescent who believes he is really the son of a famous rock star & a fashion model in engaging in the...
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Foundling fantasy
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At Kohlberg's second level of moral development the adolescent determines behaviors by conforming to...
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Social rules
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Of great importance is that an adolescent form a unique ___ & create a(n) ___ self.
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Indentity, integrated
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The percentage of psychological disorders among teens is...
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About the same as adults
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The adolescent who overcomes loss & disappointment to reshape & follow his goals, shows which of Marcia's Identity states?
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Achieved
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Family conflicts are more common in ___ adolescence.
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Early
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Adolescence spend the least amount of time...
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With family
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The smaller group of teens who "hang out" regularly is a...
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Clique
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Adolescence engage in high risk behaviors for all the following reasons EXCEPT...
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For a desire to get caught
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What is the easiest to obtain drug which is likely to be available in even the homes of abstainers?
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Inhalants
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Binge drinking is greatest among...
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Males
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Drug use is often linked with...
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Delinquent acts
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Adolescent depression is twice as common among ___ as ___ .
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Girls, boys
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The third leading cause of death among teenagers is...
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Suicide
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The age clock is a...
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Sense of internal timing
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The leading cause of preventable death among males & females ages 25-44 is...
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Accidents
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For most people, young adult years are the most ___ time of life.
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Healthy
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Young adult attitudes toward sexual behaviors are becoming more...
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Liberal
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Women are born with a lifetime supply of...
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Ova
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Sexual ___ indicates toward which sex a person is physically & romantically attracted.
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Orientation
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Homophobia means...
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Prejudice against homosexuals
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Gay, lesbian and bisexual adolescence are at significantly higher risk than heterosexual adolescents for depression, substance abuse and...
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Suicide
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Tolerance for other veiw points is also called...
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Conceptual relativism
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Riegel adds a stage beyond Piaget called dialectical thinking which focuses on integration of the...
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Real and ideal
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Schaie believed that what is distinct about adult thinking is the...
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Flexibility
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Loevinger attempted to discover whether or not ___ developes in predictable stages of adult life.
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Self-concept
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According to Havinghurst's Developmental Tasks of Adulthood, which of the following is a task generally assigned to early 20s-30s?
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Secure a home
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According to Havinghurst, which task is not generally part of late adulthood?
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Choose occupation
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Levinson's 4 developmental Tasks include "establishing intimacy with a special man or woman." Which group has the most difficulty completing that task?
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Women
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In Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, the first level is...
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Physiological needs
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Which level of Maslow's Hierarchy can never by fully achieved?
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Self-actualization
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The concept of "unconditional positive regard" is attributed to...
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Rogers
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Satisfaction with the work itself is an...
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Intrinsic reward
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In Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love, the stages are intimacy, passion and...
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Decision/commitment
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Parenthood brings new roles, responsibilities and...
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Social status
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What is a highly important factor in post-birth adjustment of the couple?
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Marital happiness during the pregnancy
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Which group is most likely to live below the povery line?
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Single black mothers
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According to Havinghurst's Stages of Vocational Life, a young child who looks with admiration at his parents' careers is in the stage of...
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Identifying with a worker
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Among dual earner couples, who is most likely to report marital dissatisfaction?
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Husband
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Middle aged adults are often called the...
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Command generation
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Gould would say that the theme of middle age is...
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Whatever we do must be done now
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The view that middle life changes are gradual and manageable is the...
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Transition model
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The view that middle life changes are abrupt and stressful is the...
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Crisis model
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Kessler believed that midlife crisis is...
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The exception not the rule
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Mid-life hearing loss is more common among...
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Men
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The overall physical & emotional changes that reflect the end of reproductive capacity is called...
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Climacteric
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Estrogen loss after menopause results in changes in...
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Bone mass and genitals
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Estrogen loss after menopause is also linked to...
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Osteoporosis
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Middle age maybe a time of less intercourse and more...
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Sensuality
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The leading cause of death in middle adulthood is...
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Cancer
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According to Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, many losses of function can be...
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Stopped or reversed
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Lazarus found that little hassels have a greater stress impact, than one major stressful event. What helps a person survive stress?
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Personality and coping style
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Cattell defined fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence. Which is most likely to show decline with age?
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Fluid
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Middle age adults return to college for many reasons. Choose the reason that is less likely to be a motivator.
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To experience living in a dorm and going to class
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Which Erikson stage corresponds with middle adulthood?
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Generativity vs Stagnation
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Which Theorist felt that issues of middle and older adult years did not get as much attention as deserved?
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Peck
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The man who is "pseudo-developed' can be described as...
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Has a facade of wellness
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Middle aged adults have an important role in preserving family heritage...
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Kinkeepers
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The period in which the last child leaves home is called...
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Empty nest
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Being pulled between needs of raising children and aging parents is why middle aged adults are called the...
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Sandwich generation
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Grandparents who want to show up for the fun events, but not the day-to-day assistance have which grandparent style?
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Companionate
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After divorce, many people remarry. Half of those remarriages...
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End in divorce
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Remarriage which includes children results in the formation of a...
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Blended family
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Middle aged adults forced to find a new job often face...
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Age discrimination
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The attitude that overvalues youth and degrades older adults is...
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Ageism
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The grass roots movement to confront social and political issues of aging is...
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Gray Panthers
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Old Old includes ages...
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80-89
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The fastest growing population group is...
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Over 85
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Aging affects all people. What differs is the ___ of aging.
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Rate
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Lifestyle, risks, diseases or injuries incurred during younger years become part of which aging factor?
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Pathological
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Sensory decline occurs in aging. The most common loss is in...
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Hearing
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After age 65, the majority of deaths are due to cerebrovascular disease,
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Cancer and cardiovascular disease
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The recreational drug of choice among older adults is...
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Alcohol
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Senescence is the...
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Normal process of aging
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Use it or lose it describes which theory of aging?
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Activity
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Older adults have something that can be more valuable than the rapid information processing ability of youth. They have...
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Wisdom
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Alzheimer's is an irreversible...
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Memory impairment
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A person unable to recognize or respond to family and without the ability of verbal or symbolic communication is in what stage of dementia?
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Severe
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Reminiscence or recalling memories fulfills which type of need?
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Psychological
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Which is the most important factor for life satisfaction at older ages?
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Health
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Recent widows and widowers with no siblings often gain social support from...
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Friends
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The Kubler-Ross stage in which a person makes promises and tries to negotiate with God for more time is...
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Baragining
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The highest rate of suicide is among...
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Males over the age of 80
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Hospitals view death as the enemy of life. Hospice views death as...
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Normal and natural
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Preparing a "death machine" for a terminally ill patient to use to achieve death is called...
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Assisted suicide
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Experiencing the death of several friends and family members within a short period of time can lead to...
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Bereavement overload
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A way to make certain that the individual's preferences for death with dignity are honored is with a...
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Living Will
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In western culture, funerals and memorial services...
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Make the end of life official
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Grief is even more extreme at the death of a...
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Child
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