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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 patterns of crying?
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1. Basic Hunger
2. Anger 3. Pain BAP later comes Indifferent crying |
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What is the order of language acquisition in children?
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1. Crying 0-6 weeks
2. Cooing 6-8 weeks 3. Babbling 4-9 months 4. Echolalia & Expressive Jargon 9-12 months 5.Holophrastic Speech 12-24 months 6.Telegraphic Speech 18-24 months 7. Vocabulary Growth 18 months + (30-36 months fastest). 8. Grammatically Correct Sentences-2.5-5 yrs (50 new words a month) 9. Metalinguistic Awareness--early school years. Can use humor & metaphor by ages 6 or 7 |
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What are over and under extension?
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Underextension-narrow use of a word (only my dish is a dish)
Overextension-all 4 legged animals are called dog |
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Piaget:
0-2 Sensorimotor Stage |
mental representation
object permanence |
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Piaget:
2-7 Preoperational |
Magical Thinking
Animism Centration Egocentrism |
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Piaget:
7-11 Concrete Operations |
horizontal decalage
gradual acquisition of Conservation (reversability & decentration) |
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Piaget:
11+ Formal Operations |
Elkind's adolescent egocentrism
personal fable, imaginary audience |
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Freud:
0-1 |
Oral Stage
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Freud:
1-3 years |
Anal Stage
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Freud:
3-6 years |
Phallic Stage
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Freud:
6-12 years |
Latency Stage
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Freud:
12+ years |
Genital Stage
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Rutter's 6 indicators of psychopathology:
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1. severe marital discord
2. low socioeconomic status 3. overcrowding or large family 4. parental criminality 5. maternal psychopathology 6. placement of child outside home |
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What is the Babinski Reflex?
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Toes fan out when soles of feet are tickled
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What is the Rooting Reflex?
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Turns head in the direction of touch applied to cheek
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What is the Moro (Startle) Reflex?
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Flings arms and legs outward and then toward body in response to a loud noice or sudden loss of physical support
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What is the Stepping (Walking) Reflex?
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Make coordinated walking movement when held upright with feet touching flat surface.
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At birth, the brain is ___% of its adult weight.
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25
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By age two, the brain is ___% of its adult weight.
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80
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By age ____, the brain is the full adult weight.
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16
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By age ___, the brain has lateralized function.
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6 or 7 brain lateralization is firmly established
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By age ___, the brain starts to shrink as the result of loss of neurons.
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30
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After age ___, there is an accerleration of brain atropy.
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60
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Children of Authoritarian parents are:
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irritable, aggressive, and dependent. Have limited sense of responsibility, low self-esteem, and low academic achievement
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Children of Authoritative parents are:
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Assertive, self-confident, socially responsible, achievement oriented, and get high grades in school
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Children of Permissive parents are:
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impulsive, self-centered, easily frustrated, and low in achievement and independence.
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Children of Rejecting-neglecting parents are:
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impulsive, moody, agressive, have low self-esteem, and are at risk for delinquency due to lack of supervision
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Gender role identity is firmly established by the age of __.
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3
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What are Kohlberg's 3 stages of gender-role identity?
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ISC
1. identity (2 or 30 2. stability 3. constancy (6 or 7) |
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What are Marcia's 4 identity statuses?
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1. Diffusion (no crisis, no exploration, no committment)
2. Foreclosure (imposed by others) Don't Forget Marcia's Achievement 3. Moratorium (exploring options) 4. Achievement (identity achieved) |
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What is Gilligan's Relational Crisis?
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At age 11 or 12, girls disconnect from themselves to become the "perfect good woman"
They experience a "loss of voice" and have low self-esteem and psych problems. They must be helped to maintain a "healthy resistance to disconnection." Males experience similar crisis but in early childhood not adolescence. |
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Name the 5 Major Personality Traits:
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OCEAN
openness conscientiousness extraversion agreeableness neuroticism |
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What are Kubler-Ross'stages of grief?
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DABDA
denial anger bargaining depression acceptance |
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What are the signs of attachment?
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social referencing
separation anxiety stranger anxiety |
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Social Referencing occurs at ___ months.
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6
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Separation anxiety begins at ___ to ___ months and peaks at ___ to ___ months.
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6 to 8
14 to 18 |
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Stranger anxiety begins at ___ to ___ months and continues to about age ___.
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8 to 10
2 |
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What are Ainsworth's Patterns of Attachment?
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Secure
Insecure (anxious/ambivalent) Insecure (anxious/avoidant) Disorganized/disoriented |
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In the strange situation, a securely attached infant is
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mildly upset when Mom leaves and actively seeks contact when she returns. Mom is responsive and sensitive
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In the strange situation, an insecure/anxious/ambivalent baby is
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very disturbed when Mom leaves, but ambivalent when she returns. May be angry and push her away. Mom is moody
and inconsistent in caregiving. Anxious when she leaves/Ambivalent when she returns |
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In the strange situation, an insecure/anxious/avoidant baby is
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not distressed when Mom leaves and avoids or ignores her when she returns. Mom is impatient/unresponsive or provides too much stimulation
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In the strange situation, a disorganized/disoriented baby is
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fearful of caregivers, may greet Mom when she returns and then ignore her. 80% of mistreated babies display this pattern.
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Effects of separation on children
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prior to 3 months = no effect
9+ months = moderate to extreme reactions (feeding, sleeping, social withdrawl, stranger anxiety, rejection of new mom, excessive clinging to new mom) Mother and child separated at 6 months = anaclitic depression (developmental delays, unresponsiveness, withdrawl) |
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Adoption prior to age ___ is best.
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6
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Adult Attachment Interview results: Autonomous
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coherent descriptions of childhood relationships with parents. Children have secure attachment
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Adult Attachment Interview results: Dismissing
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positive descriptions of childhood not supported or contradicted by specific memories. Children exhibit avoidant attachment patterns
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Adult Attachment Interview results: Preoccupied
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become very angry or confused when describing childhood relationships with parents or passively preoccupied with parent. Children exhibit resistant/ambivalent attachment pattern.
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3 phases of childhood friendship:
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4-7 playmates
8-10 trust/support/help 11+ intimacy & loyalty |
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According to Patterson, families of highly aggressive boys are
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1. coercive & aggressive to gain compliance
2. poor parental monitoring of child activities |
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According to Patterson's Coercive Family Interaction Model
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children learn aggressive behavior from parents who rarely reinforce prosocial behavior, use harsh discipline, and reward child aggressiveness with approval and attention.
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What are Kohlberg's stages of morality?
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Preconventional
Conventional Postconventional |
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What are the substages of Preconventional?
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Punishment/Obedience-avoid punishment
Instrumental Hedonism-satisfy personal needs |
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What are the substages of Coventional Morality?
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Good Boy/Good Girl-be liked by others
Law & Order-follow rules |
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What are the substages of Postcoventional Morality?
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Morality of Contract/individual rights/democratic laws
Morality of Principles of Conscience-self-determine right-wrong according to ethics |
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What are Gilligan's stages of moral development?
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level 1-orientation of individual survival
level 2-Goodness as self-sacrifice transition 2-from Godness to Truth (coordinate one's responsibilities to self and others) level 3-Morality of nonviolence |
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What are Kohlberg's stages of morality?
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Preconventional
Conventional Postconventional |
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What are the substages of Preconventional?
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Punishment/Obedience-avoid punishment
Instrumental Hedonism-satisfy personal needs |
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What are the substages of Conventional Morality?
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Good Boy/Good Girl-be liked by others
Law & Order-follow rules |
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What are the substages of Postcoventional Morality?
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Morality of Contract/individual rights/democratic laws
Morality of Principles of Conscience-self-determine right-wrong according to ethics |
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What are Gilligan's stages of moral development?
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level 1-orientation of individual survival
level 2-Goodness as self-sacrifice transition 2-from Goodness to Truth (coordinate one's responsibilities to self and others) level 3-Morality of nonviolence |
