Lifespan Development Exam 2

Front 1

stange situation

Back 1

an observational measure of infant attachment that requires the infant to move through a series of introductions, separations, and reunions with the caregiver and an adult stranger in a prescribed order.

Front 2

Insecure avoidant babies

Back 2

babies that show insecurity by avoiding the caregiver

Front 3

insecure resistant babies

Back 3

babies that show that ofter cling to the caregiver, then resist her by fighting against the closeness, perhaps by kicking or pushing away

Front 4

insecure disorganized babies

Back 4

babies that show insecurity by being disorganized and disoriented.

Front 5

Charlie turns his head, opens his mouth, and begins sucking when his cheek is stroked. Charlie is demonstrating which reflex?

Back 5

rooting

Front 6

The gross motor skill which is likely to occur first is:

Back 6

rolling over.

Front 7

Jean Piaget gathered the information for his theories about cognitive development by:

Back 7

observing his own children.

Front 8

A cognitive structure in the Piagetian model that helps individuals organize and understand their experiences is:

Back 8

a scheme.

Front 9

In a qualitative theory of cognitive development, such as Piaget's theory it:

Back 9

identifies different kinds of thinking children perform at different ages.

Front 10

Micheala has been told that her baby is in Piaget's first sensorimotor substage. The baby's behaviors are

Back 10

reflexive.

Front 11

An example of Piaget's concept of habit is:

Back 11

initially blinking reflexively in response to a bright light and then blinking when no stimulus is present.

Front 12

When Chris was 5 months old, if the teddy bear that he was looking at was covered, he did not search or look for it. However, at 9 months of age when then teddy bear is covered he continues to look for it which indicates the presence of:

Back 12

object permanence.

Front 13

Some of the new research on cognitive development in children suggests that Piaget's work

Back 13

needs to be modified.

Front 14

Infants whose parents use sign language have been observed to start using conventional signs at about

Back 14

6 to 7 months of age

Front 15

When repeated exposure to the same stimulus results in a reduced reaction to that stimulus, it is:

Back 15

habituation.

Front 16

Dishabituation is:

Back 16

the excitement students exhibit when a boring professor shows a film instead of lecturing.

Front 17

Having an understanding of habituation and dishabituation can benefit parent-infant interaction in that the "wise" parent: (Learning Goal 2)
I. presents many repetitions of a stimulus so the infant can process the information.
II. stops repetitively presenting a stimulus when the infant redirects her attention.
III. continues to present a stimulus to regain the infant's attention when the infant looks away.
IV. changes behaviors when the infant redirects her attention.

Back 17

I, II, and IV

Front 18

Research by Andrew Meltzoff (1992, 1999) showing the infant's ability to imitate adult facial expressions shortly after birth demonstrates that:

Back 18

imitation has a biological base.

Front 19

Meltzoff has found that infants demonstrate the ability to engage in deferred imitation by age:

Back 19

9 months

Front 20

Sarula is 18 years old. She finds it frustrating that she cannot remember anything prior to the time she was 3 years old. According to the research on memory:

Back 20

she is "normal," since most adults cannot remember anything from the first 3 years of their life.

Front 21

Language is most accurately defined as communication with others via a system of _____________.

Back 21

symbols

Front 22

The child's first word is typically uttered at around:

Back 22

10 to 15 months.

Front 23

Which statement about the two-word utterances of 18- to 24-month old children is NOT correct?

Back 23

They are difficult for adults to understand.

Front 24

The strongest evidence for the biological basis of language is that:

Back 24

children all over the world reach language milestones at about the same time and in the same order.

Front 25

Genie and the Wild Boy of Aveyron are two examples of children who were isolated from other people for the first 10 - 11 years of life. As a result of these two cases researchers believe that other children in similar situations will:

Back 25

never learn to communicate effectively with humans.

Front 26

In their study of language development in children, Hart and Risley (1995) found that:

Back 26

middle-income professional parents spent almost twice as much time communicating with their children as the welfare parents did.

Front 27

Which of the following statements are correct about infant-directed speech? (Learning Goal 4)
I. It is sometimes called "parentese."
II. It involves the use of simple words and sentences.
III. Much of it is automatic when an adult is talking to a baby.
IV. It has a lower than normal pitch.

Back 27

II, III and IV

Front 28

The cry which has a rhythmic pattern consisting of a cry, followed by a brief silence, and a short inspiratory whistle which is somewhat higher in pitch than the main cry followed by a brief rest before the pattern repeats is a:

Back 28

basic cry.

Front 29

An external stimulus may result in the infant having a ______

Back 29

reflexive smile.

Front 30

Empathy

Back 30

The ability to project oneself into another person’s point of view, so as to experience the other’s thoughts and feelings.

Front 31

Which of the following situations is most likely to produce stranger anxiety in an infant?
A) sitting on the mother's lap
B) meeting a stranger in a research laboratory
C) meeting a stranger in the infant's home
D) encountering a stranger who smiles

Back 31

B

Front 32

Temperament is best defined as:

Back 32

an individual's general behavioral style

Front 33

Chess and Thomas believe ___________ to be the most typical temperament for a child.

Back 33

easy

Front 34

__________ influences temperament, but the degree of influence depends on ___________.

Back 34

Heredity/environmental experiences

Front 35

Temperament experts Ann Sanson and Mary Rothbart (1995) concluded that:

Back 35

parents need to be sensitive to their infant's signals and needs.

Front 36

________ is a close emotional connection between the infant and the caregiver.

Back 36

Attachment

Front 37

Mary Ainsworth believes that attachment security depends on:

Back 37

how sensitive and responsive the caregiver is to infant signals.

Front 38

You are asked to babysit your niece for the evening. When the parents put the child down so they can finish getting dressed, she heads toward her toys while she watches her parents find their coats. Your niece is demonstrating which kind of attachment?

Back 38

secure

Front 39

Life-span developmentalists agree that secure attachment:

Back 39

cannot easily be connected to adult social competence.

Front 40

Jerome Kagan has emphasized the importance of ________ as a determinant of social competence.

Back 40

temperament

Front 41

Reciprocal socialization is best defined in which of the following ways?

Back 41

Socialization is bi-directional.

Front 42

Studies of reciprocal socialization during infancy reveal that _________ plays an important role in socialization.

Back 42

mutual gaze

Front 43

One of the functions of scaffolding is to:

Back 43

teach infants social rules.

Front 44

In maternal and paternal infant interactions:

Back 44

fathers' interactions are more likely to include play.

Front 45

In a Swedish study where mothers work and fathers stay home with the baby, the fathers:

Back 45

interact with their babies in the usual fatherly manner.