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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Autosomes
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-these chromosomes are NOT sex chromosomes!! they do not involve sex determination
-a human somatic cell will normally contain 23 pairs of chromosomes (total=46 chromosomes). Twenty-two (22) of these pairs will be autosomes, and only one of them will be a pair of sex chromosomes 22nd matching pairs |
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sex chromosomes
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-a type of chromosome that is involved in the determination of sex & development of sexual characteristics
23rd pair of sex chromosomes designated as X or Y that determine biological sex |
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average humans have how many chromosomes?
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46!
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Genotype
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the genetic make up of an individual
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Phenotype
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Observable traits or characteristics
Hair, eye color, height, weight |
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the healthy baby guidelines
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1. a mother should be getting adequate pre-natal care
2. you should take a prescribed pre-natal vitamin 3. No drinking 4. NO Smoking 5. avoid caffeine 6. HEALTHY DIET! |
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Prenatal Stages of Dev elopement
ZYGOTE |
you begin your life as a zygote .
--PERIOD LASTS 2 WEEKS-- a single cell formed at conception from the egg & sperm down the fallopian tube inside this cell is a unique set of genetic instructions that you inherited from your biological parents. that same set of genetic information is found in the nucleus of every single cell in your body. |
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Teratogen
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a harmful agents or substances that can cause malfunctions or birth defects in the embryo or fetus
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Teratogen Example
ALCOHOL |
alchohol is at any point can harm fetus
greastest risk is 1st trimester of prenatal developement--brain and organs are developing Excessive drinking = (FAS) FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME babies have physical & mental problems |
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Teratogen example 2
NICOTINE |
smoking during pregnancy can damage developing fetus at any stage of birth
mothers who smoke- child is likely to have birth defects, lower birth rate and premature babies |
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Identify the Stages of Child Birth
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1st stage--> LABOR- longest stage 12-14 hours average
2nd stage--> DELIVERY OF BABY 3RD STAGE--> DELIVERY OF PLACENTA |
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Apgar Scale
identify the 5 physical conditions measured by the apgar scale |
each one of these conditions are tested on new borns
0-10>>> **7-10 baby is in good condition** 1. Heart Rate 2. Respiratory Rate 3. Muscle Tone H RR MT C R 4. Color 5. Reflexes |
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Monozygotic
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identical twins
have same genotype-DNA is the same 1 sperm 1 egg have to be same sex |
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Dizygotic
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Fraternal Twins
2 sperms fertilizes two different eggs can be same sex or boy/girl |
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what are ways to prevent injury during infancy and toddlerhood?
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1. Protective covers on all electrical outlets
2. gate stair ways top & bottom 3. make sure all medications, chemicals, cleaners are locked away 4.child must ride in a approve car seat 5. babies/young children should always be supervised at all times..duh |
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what are the MAJOR Infant MOTOR milestones?
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1. Babies can sit up un-supported around 6 months
2. babies will crawl around 8 months 3. will say their first words around 12 months 4. they will walk well around 13 months. |
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3 types of temperment
EASY BABIES |
babies are easy, difficult and slow to warm up too
child will adapt to new environments, display positive moods and emotions. have regular sleeping and eating hours |
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3 types of baby temperament
DIFFICULT BABIES |
babies are very emotional, irritable and fussy.
they cry ALOT!! have irregular sleeping and eating patters |
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3 types of baby temperament
SLOW TO WARM UP BABIES |
babies with low activity
they adapt to new experiences gradually withdraw from new situations and people |
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attachment
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babies with a emotional bond. Forms between parent or caregiver to infant during the first year of life.
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SECURE
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parents are consistently warm, responsive and sensitive to infant needs
infant will develop secure attachments |
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INSECURE
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when parents neglect baby
are inconsistent, insensitive to moods and behaviors |
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Schema
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mental framework that helps us organize information
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adolescence
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transitional stage between late childhood and the beginning of adulthood-during which sexual maturity is reached
-varies by individual & gender adolescence usually begins around 11-12 years of age |
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adolescence 2
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transition from physical, social and cognitive changes to independant & adult responsibilites.
PHYSICAL CHANGES BOYS->voice deepens, facial hair GIRLS->first period,called menarche -females 1st period |
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PRIMARY SEX CHARACTERISTICS
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-puberty involves the developement of primary characteristics.
they are sex organs-directly involved with reproduction EX-->females uterus and males testes enlarge in puberty. |
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SECONDARY SEX CHARACTERISTICS
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externally development is secondary sex
this is not involved with reproduction -secondary S involves height, weight, body shape changes, body hair and voice changes---> with girls breast development |
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Authoritative
(middle man) |
-parent with linen t rules
-allows child to make their own decisions -child grows up independent , happy, positive self-concept **ideal style for parenting ** |
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Authoritarian
(worst man) |
extremely strict parents !!
-no flexibility with rules its my way of the highway -- --child's self esteem is most likely bad but can be good the parent expects too much from child |
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Permissive
(too easy man) |
parents who have few to none rules
-too relaxed -allows child to do what ever he pleases |
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Permissive- Indulgent
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a parent who spoils their kids way too much
gives what ever they want or need |
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Permissive -INdifferent
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parents who don't care what their child does
-completely uninvolved in their life. -parent sucks |
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self esteem
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your self worth
-you see yourself as a good student. |
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self concept
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how you view yourself //
-people have self concept in different areas examples-->> their body image/fat/skinny/ social life-do they have friends/relationships how they excel academically |
