Lifespan Ch. 12-15

Front 1

identity

Back 1

an understanding of one's unique characteristics and how they have been, are, and will be manifested across ages, situations, and social roles.

Front 2

identity vs. role confusion

Back 2

erickson''s theory, the stage during which adolescents attain a sense of who they are

Front 3

identiy crisis

Back 3

Erickson's term for psychological state of emotional turmoil that arises when an adolescent's sense of self becomes "unglued" so that a new more mature sense of self can be achieved

Front 4

identity achievement

Back 4

in Marica's theory, the identity achieved by a person who has been through a crisis and reached a commitment to ideological or occupational goals

Front 5

moratorium

Back 5

in Marica therory the identity status of a person who is in a crisis but who has made no commitment

Front 6

foreclosure

Back 6

in Marci's theory, the identity status of a person who has made a commitment without having one through a crisis; the person has simpley accepted a parentally or culturally defined commitment.

Front 7

identity diffusion

Back 7

in Marcis theory, the identity status of a person who is not in the midst of a crisis and who has mare no commitment.

Front 8

gender role identity

Back 8

the gender-related aspects of the psychological self

Front 9

ethnic identity

Back 9

a sense of belonging to an ethnic group

Front 10

preconventional morality

Back 10

in kholberg's theory, the level of moral reasoning in which judgements are based on authorities outside the self.

Front 11

conventional morality

Back 11

in Kholberg's theory, the level of moral reasoning in which judgements are based on rules or norms of a group to which the person belongs

Front 12

postconventional morality

Back 12

in Kholberg's theory, the level or moral reasoning in which judgements are based on an integration of individual rights and the needs of society

Front 13

role-taking

Back 13

the ability to look at a situation from another persons perspective

Front 14

delinquency

Back 14

antisocial behavior that includes law breaking

Front 15

clique

Back 15

four to six young people who appear to be strongly attached to one another

Front 16

crowd

Back 16

a combination of cliques, which includes both males and females

Front 17

primary aging

Back 17

age-related physical changes that have a biological basis and are universally shared and ineitable

Front 18

secondary aging

Back 18

age-related changes that are due to environmental influences, poor health habits, or disease

Front 19

limbic system

Back 19

the part of the brain that regulates emotional responses

Front 20

maximum oxygen uptake

Back 20

a measure of the body's ability to take in and transport oxygen to various body organs

Front 21

locus of control

Back 21

a set of beliefs about the causes of events

Front 22

pelvic inflammatory disease

Back 22

an infection of the female reproductive tract that may result from a sexually transmitted disease and can lead to infertility

Front 23

self-efficacy

Back 23

the belief in one's ability to preform some action or to control one's behavior or environment, to reach some goal or to make something happen.

Front 24

sexual violence

Back 24

the use of physical coercion to force a person to engage in a sexual act against his or her will.

Front 25

phobia

Back 25

an irrational fear of an object, a person, a place, or a situation

Front 26

personality disorder

Back 26

an inflexible pattern of behavior that leads to difficulty in social, educational, and occupational functioning.

Front 27

schizophrenia

Back 27

a serious mental disorder characterized by disturbances of thought such as delusions and hallucinations

Front 28

substance abuse

Back 28

a pattern of behavior in which a person continues to use a substance even though it interferes with psychological, occupational, educational, and social functioning.

Front 29

postformal thought

Back 29

types of thinking that are associated with a hypothesized fith stage of cognitive development

Front 30

relativism

Back 30

the idea that some propositions cannot be adequately described as either true or false

Front 31

dialectical thought

Back 31

a form of thought involving recognition and acceptance of paradox and uncertainty

Front 32

reflective judgment

Back 32

the ability the underlying assumptions of differing perspective on controversial issues

Front 33

crystallized intelligence

Back 33

knowledge and judgment acquired through education and experience

Front 34

fluid intelligence

Back 34

the aspect of intelligence that reflects fundamental biological processes and does not depend on specific experiences

Front 35

post-secondary education

Back 35

any kind of formal educational experience that follows high school.

Front 36

traditional post-secondary student

Back 36

a student who attends college full time immediately after graduating from high school

Front 37

nontraditional post secondary student

Back 37

a student who either attends college part-time or delays enrollment after high school graduation

Front 38

intimacy vs. isolation

Back 38

Erickson's early adulthood stage, in which an individual must fine a life partner or supportive friends in order to avoid social isolation

Front 39

intimacy

Back 39

the capacity to engage in a supportive, affectionate relationship without losing one's own sense of self.

Front 40

life structure

Back 40

in Levinsons theory, the underlying pattern or design of a person's life at a given time, which includes roles, relationships, and behavior patterns.

Front 41

emerging adulthood

Back 41

the period from the late teens to early twenties when individuals explore options prior to committing to adult roles

Front 42

parental investment theory

Back 42

the theory that sex differences in mate preferences are based on the different amounts of time and effort men and women must invest in child rearing

Front 43

social role theory

Back 43

the idea that sex differences in mate preferences and mating behavior are adaptations to gender roles

Front 44

assortative mating (homogamy)

Back 44

sociologists term for the tendency to mate with someone who has traits similar to one's own

Front 45

validating couples

Back 45

partners who express mutual respect even in disagreements, and are good listeners

Front 46

volitile couples

Back 46

partners who argue a lot and dont listen well, but still have more positive than negative interactions

Front 47

avoidant couples

Back 47

partners who agree to disagree and who minimize conflict by avoiding each other

Front 48

hostile/ engaged couples

Back 48

partners who have frequent arguments and lack the balancing effect of humor and affection

Front 49

hostile/ detached couples

Back 49

partners who fight regularly, rarely look at each other and lack affection and support.

Front 50

kin-keeper

Back 50

a family role, usually occupied by a woman, which includes responsibility for maintaining family and friendship relationships.

Front 51

career development

Back 51

the process of adapting to the workplace, managing career transitions, and pursuing goals through employment

Front 52

work-life balance

Back 52

the interactive influences among employees' work and non work roles

Front 53

climateric

Back 53

the term used to describe the adult period during which reproductive capacity declines or is lost.

Front 54

menopause

Back 54

the cessation of monthly menstrual cycles in middle-aged women

Front 55

premenopause phase

Back 55

the stage of menopause during which estrogen levels fall somewhat, menstrual periods are less regular, and anovulatory cycle begins early

Front 56

perimenopausal phase

Back 56

the stage of menopause during which estrogen and progesterone levels are erratic, menstrual cycles may be very irregular, and women begin to experience symptoms such as hot flashes

Front 57

postmenopause phase

Back 57

the last stage of menopause beginning when a women has no menstrual periods for a year or more.

Front 58

osteopporosis

Back 58

loss of bone mass with age, resulting in more brittle and porus bones

Front 59

presbyopia

Back 59

normal loss of visual acuity with aging, especially the ability to focus eyes on near objects

Front 60

presbycusis

Back 60

normal loss of hearing, especially of high frequency tones

Front 61

cardiovascular disease (CVD)

Back 61

a set of disease processes in the heart and circulatory system

Front 62

atherosclerosis

Back 62

narrowing of the arteries caused by deposits of a fatty substance called plaque

Front 63

alcoholism

Back 63

physical and psychological dependence on alcohol.

Front 64

selective optimization with compensation

Back 64

the prcess of balancing the gains and losses associated with aging

Front 65

eposodic memories

Back 65

recollections of personal events

Front 66

semantic memories

Back 66

general knowledge

Front 67

creativity

Back 67

the ability to produce original, appropriate nd valuable ideas and/or solutions to problems