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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the major cause of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)?
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Atherosclerosis- soft deposits of fat that become hard
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Nonmodifiable risk factors for CAD?
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Highest among white males
Equal and women and men after 65, and kills more women Hereditary factors |
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Modifiable risk factors for CAD?
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Elevated serum lipids ***
Hypertension *** Smoking *** Obesity Sedentary *** DM Metabolic syndrome Psychologic states |
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Risk of CAD is associated with a serum cholesterol level greater than?
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200 mg/dl
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Risk of CAD is associated with a fasting triglyceride level of more than?
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150 mg/dl
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Hypertension is defined as BP?
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>= 140/90
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What psychological states are associated with CAD?
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Type A personality
Depression Hopelessness Anxiety Anger |
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What are the most widely used lipid lowering drugs?
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Statins
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What is the term for the clinical manifestation of reversible myocardial ischemia?
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Angina (chest pain)
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Does angina always occur in the chest?
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No, may occur in the neck or radiate the jaw, shoulders, and down the arms
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The treatment of chronic stable angina is aimed at?
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Decreasing oxygen demand and/or increasing oxygen supply
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What is the first line therapy for treating angina?
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Short-acting nitrates (vasodialators)
Nitroglycerin ***admin under the tongue**** |
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Nitroglycerin should not be combined with?
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Drugs for erectile dysfunction
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The predominant side effect of all nitrates is?
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HA
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What drugs are used for the management of chronic stable angina?
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B Adrenergic blockers
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B blockers are contraindicated in patients with?
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Asthma
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B blockers are used cautiously in patients with DM because?
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They mask signs of hypoglycemia
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If B blockers are poorly tolerated or do not control angina, what is used?
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Calcium channel blockers
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Cardiac Catherization?
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Balloon angioplasty with stent placement is common for patients with chronic stable angina
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Is a result of sustained ischemia, that causes irreversible myocardial cell death
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Myocardial infarction (MI)
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What is the hallmark clinical manifestation of MI?
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Severe, immobilizing chest pain not relieved by rest, position change, or nitrate administration
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Other clinical manifestations of MI?
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Ashen,clammy, and cool skin
Initial elevation of BP and HR, followed by a drop in BP Crackles Nausea and vomiting Fever |
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What is the most common complication of MI?
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Dysrhythmias (80%)
most common cause of death in prehospital period |
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What serum cardiac markers are used to diagnose MI?
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Creatine kinase (CK)
Troponin |
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Other complications of MI?
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Heart Failure
Cardiogenic Shock Papillary Muscle Dysfunction Ventricular Aneurysm Pericarditis Dressler Syndrome |
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Out of these three which is the worst: STEMI, UA, or NSTEMI?
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STEMI is associated with more extensive MI with prolonged and complete coronary occlusion
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What is PCI?
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Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, less-invasive than surgical intervention, try to do within 90 min of arriving ER, place drug-eluting stents
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What measures should be instituted if a nurse is present during an anginal attack?
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1) Admin O2
2) Vital Signs 3) 12-lead ECG 4) Pain relief, nitrate followed by opiod 5) Auscultate heart sounds 6) Comfortable positioning |
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What drug is given to patients for chest pain unrelieved by nitroglycerin?
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Morphine Sulfate
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What is the common treatment for patients who survive SCD?
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Implantation of cardioverter-defribrillator
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