Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Mark and Amanda just purchased some new toys for their four-month-old baby. As soon as they put them inthe baby's crib, the baby immediately tried to put the toys in its Piaget would say that this is an example of a(n) __________. |
scheme
|
|
|
Four-year-old Alex and his mother visited the zoo. While they were there, Alex's mother took him to see the squirrel exhibit. Alex saw many different types of squirrels, but when he saw a flying squirrel glide from one branch to the next he pointed and said, "A bird." Considering Piaget's work, Alex is demonstrating an example of __________. |
assimilation
|
|
|
Five-year-old Alex and his mother visited the zoo. While they were there, Alex's mother took him to see the squirrel exhibit. Alex saw many different types of squirrels, but when he saw a flying squirrel glide from one branch to the next he pointed and said, "A bird with a tail." Considering Piaget's work, Alex is demonstrating an example of __________. |
accommodation
|
|
|
While being dressed for bed, seven-month-old Darnell picked up the new comb that his mother just bought for him. Darnell had never seen this before and didn't know mouth. Piaget might say that Darnell was __________. |
assimilating the comb into his existing schemes
|
|
|
Beth normally breastfeeds her baby; however, during the workday Beth's mother watches her baby, and the baby must be fed with a bottle. Beth has noticed that her baby's approach to being bottle-fed is somewhat different than when the baby is being breastfed. Piaget would say that this is an example of __________. |
substage 1: simple reflexes of the sensorimotor stage
|
|
|
A baby is in her crib while a swarm of relatives hover, calling the baby's name and making cooing sounds. There is a radio playing in the background and sounds emanate from the television in the living room. All the while, the baby's mother is trying to get the baby's attention to get ready for her feeding. The baby is most likely to attend to the mother's face and voice. This is an example of __________. |
selective encoding
|
|
|
Baby Dionne is playing in her crib and reaches to pull back a blanket that is partially covering the teddy bear that she wants to play with. Piaget would say that this is an example of __________. |
coordination of secondary circular reactions
|
|
|
Climbing stairs, riding a bike, and eating breakfast are all examples of what type of memory?
|
Implicit
|
|
|
Baby Billy calls his favorite blanket a "blankie." When he sees other blankets in the house, however, he does not refer to them as "blankie" because he uses that name only for his favorite blanket. This is an example of __________. |
underextension
|
|
|
Baby Polly is usually a calm, happy baby when she is around her parents and siblings. When her parents take her to a family reunion, though, her behavior changes. Her face crinkles up in a frown, and she stares at unfamiliar people with suspicion. Baby Polly is demonstrating __________. |
stranger anxiety
|
|
|
Baby Lilly is watching her other siblings as she plays in her playpen. Her siblings begin to squabble and shove each other on the floor. Baby Lilly looks to her mother and notices that her mother is smiling as she watches the other siblings, so Baby Lilly begins to smile too. This is an example of __________. |
social referencing
|
|
|
Mary is planning to take 18 months' leave from her job because she wants to stay home and care for the needs of her newborn child. Mary believes that during the first 18 months of a child's life, it is critical that she make herself available to her child to meet his needs and give him the attention he deserves. Erikson would say that Mary's decision comes at a good time to address what stage of her child's development? |
The trust versus mistrust stage
|
|
|
With regard to a child's temperament, the child's long-term adjustment depends on the __________ of their particular temperament and the nature and demands of their environment. |
goodness-of-fit
|
|
|
Natalie is a 2-year-old child who weighs around 40 pounds. What health problem is Natalie likely to have?
|
Obesity
|
|
|
All of the following are gross motor skills that a five-year-old preschooler possesses EXCEPT __________.
|
manipulating a pencil
|
|
|
Madeline is working to teach her 4-year-old daughter, Eliza, how to count. She places 10 buttons in one row with very little space between the buttons, and 8 buttons in another row with more space between the buttons; therefore, the second row is longer than the first. Then Madeline asks her daughter which row has more buttons. Eliza chooses the second row, even though she knows that 10 is more than 8. What is this an example of? |
Centration
|
|
|
On Christmas morning, three-year-old Billy opens one of his gifts from his mother and finds a new sweater. Disappointed that it is not a toy, Billy frowns and throws the sweater aside in front of his mother with no regard for her feelings. Billy is demonstrating __________. |
egocentric thought
|
|
|
In four-year-old Amanda's preschool class, the group discussion involved airplanes. After that, Amanda considered herself an expert on airplanes and believed she knew everything there was to know about airplanes, even though she was unable to provide a reasonable explanation for how she knew what she knew. In this example, Amanda is demonstrating __________. |
intuitive thought
|
|
|
When a young child begins to learn how to take turns in conversation, stay on topic, and give appropriate responses such as "please" and "thank you," the child is demonstrating knowledge of __________. |
pragmatics
|
|
|
Parents in China, Japan, and the United States all see the benefits of preschools in a different way. What do Chinese parents view as the primary benefit of preschool? |
Academic head start
|
|
|
When four-year-old Allison is allowed to decide what to wear from several choices her mother presents to her, she is likely to develop __________. |
initiative
|
|
|
Five-year-old Randy is in preschool, and his teacher is showing him how to use a pair of children's scissors to cut paper. Randy tries to show his independence and ability to use the scissors without assistance and says to his teacher, "Let me." Erikson would say that Randy is demonstrating what stage of development? |
Initiative versus guilt
|
|
|
Five-year-old Wendel is new to his kindergarten classroom. His teacher uses open, friendly questions to build rapport with him. His teacher asks him what he is good at and what he likes. Wendel responds, "I can run fast" and "I like to eat pizza." Wendel's responses are examples of his __________. |
self-concept
|
|
|
Robbie is a four-year-old boy in the United States who is encouraged to stand out from the rest and make his needs known. Haruki is a four-year-old boy in Japan who is encouraged to blend in and refrain from making himself distinct. Robbie is growing up with a(n) __________, and Sean is growing up with __________. |
individualistic orientation; a collectivistic orientation
|
|
|
The __________ approach believes children learn gender-related behaviors and expectations by observing others and noticing that they are rewarded for acting in gender-appropriate ways. |
social learning
|
|
|
Amy's mother has bought her brand new jeans to wear. However, five-year-old Amy refuses, insisting that girls wear only dresses. This may be an example of __________. |
a gender schema
|
|
|
Raul and Raymond are three years old, and the main benefit they get out of being friends is __________.
|
doing things together and joint play
|
|
|
Meredith's five-year-old friends at the playground run around from the rides to the slides, but Meredith's mother told her she had to stay on the swings and not move elsewhere in the playground. When Meredith complained that the other children were allowed to play where they wanted, her mother told her to stay on the swings "because I said so." This is an example of __________ parenting. |
authoritarian
|
|
|
Five-year-old Benjamin and his younger sister were playing together in the living room, and his sister grabbed at the toy that Benjamin was playing with. He lashed out and punched his sister in the arm and took back the toy, making her cry. Benjamin's mother immediately took Benjamin aside and, rather than punishing him, explained how his behavior made his sister cry and that he needed to learn to share his toys. This is an example of which parenting style? |
Authoritative
|
|
|
Isabelle lives in a household in which her parents are gone most of the time. Even when they are home, Isabelle goes to school with dirty clothes and no breakfast. What type of parents does Isabelle likely have? |
Uninvolved
|
|
|
When it comes to worrying about obesity, which of the following children is least likely to be concerned?
|
8-year-old boy
|
|
|
Steven is an abused four-year-old child. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be a contributor to his situation? |
Steven is not yet potty trained.
|
|
|
Amanda is 12 years old, Suzy is 8, Bobby is 5, and Allan is 3. Which of these children is more apt to be injured than the others? |
Bobby
|
|
|
Mrs. Alverez has concerns regarding her daughter's body image. She believes her daughter is attempting to measure up to different kinds of body representations she sees in the media. Mrs. Alverez has scheduled a meeting with the school psychologist to discuss her concerns. What can the school psychologist suggest to Mrs. Alverez to lessen her concerns? |
She can try to speak with her daughter against these influences by teaching her that the U.S. has a preoccupation with slimness, which permeates the entire society and that media representations are often exaggerated and unattainable. |
|
|
Which of the following is a fine motor skill?
|
Typing on a keyboard
|
|
|
What is the term for speech that deviates so much from the speech of others that it calls attention to itself, interferes with communication, or produces maladjustment in the speaker? |
Speech impairment
|
|
|
Frank was tested by the school psychologist and diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The test results have been explained to his parents. His parents are curious as to brain involvement and ADHD. The school psychologist informs them that __________. |
some research indicates that ADHD is related to a delay in neural development
|
|
|
Which of the following is an accurate description of a learning disability?
|
A significant discrepancy between the child's actual academic performance and his/her apparent potential to learn |
|
|
What is the term that refers to the stage of cognitive development between 7 and 12 years of age, which is characterized by the active and appropriate use of logic? |
Concrete operational
|
|
|
Seven-year-old Alice is working with clay in art class, and she rolls a round ball of clay between her hands until it becomes a long rope. However, she decides that she does not want the rope of clay, but would prefer that the clay be in the shape of a ball again. Alice knows that this is possible. Piaget would say that Alice is demonstrating the knowledge of __________. |
reversibility
|
|
|
What is one significant reason for the advances in fine motor skills in children six to eight years old?
|
The amount of myelin in the brain increases to protect, insulate, and surround the nerve cells, raising the speed at which electrical impulses travel between neurons. |
|
|
The American Academy of Pediatrics suggests that boys and girls should engage in sports and games, and __________. |
boys and girls should engage in sports and games in mixed-gender groups until puberty
|
|
|
What is Vygotsky's term for the level at which a child can almost, but not quite, understand or perform a task? |
Zone of proximal development
|
|
|
What is the term for the educational setting that is most similar to that of children without special needs?
|
Least restrictive environment
|
|
|
Recent findings show that nationally in the U.S., twice as many African American students as white American students are classified as mildly retarded, which is a difference attributed primarily to __________. |
cultural bias and poverty
|
|
|
If a person has an IQ score that falls in the range of 50 or 55 to 70, this is known as __________.
|
mild intellectual disability
|
|
|
Which of the following is the term for an approach to education through which students are kept at grade level but are enrolled in special programs and given individual activities to allow greater depth of study on a given topic? |
Enrichment
|
|
|
What is the term for a substantial disruption in the rhythm and fluency of speech and is the most common speech impairment? |
Stuttering
|
|
|
If a child is demonstrating difficulties in the acquisition and use of listening, speaking, reading, writing, reasoning, or mathematical abilities, the child is exhibiting a(n) __________. |
learning disability
|
|
|
What is the term for a learning disability marked by inattention, impulsiveness, a low tolerance for frustration, and generally a great deal of inappropriate activity? |
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
|
