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25 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
Senescence
The process of aging, whereby the body becomes less strong and efficient.
Homeostasis
The adjustment of the body's systems to keep physiological functions in a state of equilibrium. As the body ages, it takes longer for these homeostatic adjustments to occur, so it becomes harder for older bodies to adapt to stress.
Organ Reserve
The capacity of young adults' organs to allow the body to cope with stress.
Set Point
A particular body weight that an individual's homeostatic processes strive to maintain.
Body Mass Index (BMI)
The ratio of a person's weight in kilograms divided by his or her height in meters squared.
Anorexia Nervosa
A serious eating disorder in which a person restricts eating to the point of emaciation and possible starvation. Most victims are high-achieving females in early puberty or early adulthood.
Bulimia Nervosa
An eating disorder in which the person, usually female, engages repeatedly in episodes of binge eating followed by purging through induced vomiting or use of laxatives.
Edgework
Occupations or recreational activities that require a degree of risk or danger; it is this prospect of "living on the edge" that makes edgeword compelling to some individuals.
Extreme Sports
Forms of recreation that include apparent risk of injury or death and that are attractive and thrilling as a result; Motocross in one example.
Drug Abuse
The ingestion of a drug to the extent that it impairs the user's biological or psychological well-being.
Drug Addiction
A condition of drug dependence in which the absence of the given drug in the individual's system produces a drive - physiological, psychological, or both - to ingest more of the drug.
Delay Discounting
The tendency to undervalue, or downright ignore, future consequences and rewards in favor of more immediate gratification.
Social Norms
The standards of behavior within a given society or culture.
Social Norms Approach
A method of reducing risky behavior that uses emerging adults' desire to follow social norms by making them aware, through the use of surveys, of the prevalence of various behaviors within their peer group.
What growth changes occur during early adulthood?
Muscles grow and shape changes by sex; physical strength peaks in the 20's; body systems function optimally
Males - reach full shoulder width and upper arm strength by age 22
Females - adult breast and hip size reached by age 22
How is overall health during early adulthood?
Body systems function optimally at the beginning of adulhood; serious diseases are not yet apparent, some childhood ailments are outgrown
Senescence begins during early adulthood
Name 5 theories of eating disorders.
1) Psychoanalytic - develop eating disorder to seperate psychically from overbearing mothers, refusing food is a way to achieve independence
2) Behaviorism - for people with low self-esteem, fasting, bingeing, and purging are powerful, imediate reinforcers that relieve emotional distress
3) Cognitive - distorted thinking leads to unhealthy behaviors
4) Sociocultural - cultural pressure to be thin, admiration from others
5) Epigenetic - lack of menstruation fights the evolutionary mandate to reproduce, fear of motherhood and marriage may feed into this
What emotional problems lead to drug abuse.
Peers encourage drug/alcohol use
Maturity, marriage, and parenthood decrease drug/alcohol use
Generational forgetting causes each generation to ignore the advice of older adults
Delay discounting - tendency to undervalue events in the future
What are consequences of heavy drug use in emerging adulthood?
1) less likely to earn a degree,
2) less likely to find a good job,
3) less likely to sustain a romance;
4) more likely to get sick and die.
What factors contribute to risk taking and violent death?
1) gender (male)
2) culture (social norms)
3) drug and alcohol use
Why did the 1918 flu epidemic prodominently kill emerging adults?
Emerging adults were a disease vector - people and conditions that increased the spread of illness. They come in close contact with many others as employees without private offices, passengers on buses and trains, international travelors staying in communal hostals, as social beings who mingle in crowded dance clubs and bars. In 1918 more emerging adults died not because the flu was a more potent killer for them but because more of them caught the disease.
What problems of emotional stress are associated with delaying committed relationships and reproduction?
Sex and commitment are intertwined by nature - human physiological responses affect neurological patterns and vice versa. This triggering of the brain to form attachment leads to complex, unanticipated emotional entanglement.
Disease Vector
People and conditions that increased the spread of illness
Serial monogamy
Having one steady partner at a time.
What are 3 common attitudes about the purpose of sex?
1) Reproduction - 1/4 US people believe this; promote abstinence until marriage; emerging adults likely marry young, pressured by their values and sexual desires
2) Relationship - most US people believe this; sequence of dating, falling in love, deciding to be faithful, having sex, perhaps living together, and then marriage and parenthood
3) Recreation - 1/4 of US people believe; sex is a fundamental human drive and highly pleasurable experience; achieve orgasm without commitment