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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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persistent refusal to eat accompanied by an irrational fear of being overweight
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anorexia nervosa
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the speed at which the body consumes calories
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basal metabolic rate
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an adjusted ratio of weight to height; used to define “overweight”
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body mass index (BMI)
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disease in which people alternate between binge eating—periods when they eat uncontrollably—and purging with laxatives or self-induced vomiting
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bulimia nervosa
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second level of reasoning in Kohlberg’s theory, where moral reasoning is based on society’s norms
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conventional level
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characteristic of Kohlberg’s Stage 2, in which moral reasoning is based on the aim of looking out for one’s own needs
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instrumental orientation
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characteristic of Kohlberg’s Stage 3, in which moral reasoning is based on winning the approval of others
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interpersonal norms
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onset of menstruation
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menarche
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characteristic of Kohlberg’s Stage 1, in which moral reasoning is based on the belief that adults know what is right and wrong
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obedience orientation
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third level of reasoning in Kohlberg’s theory, in which morality is based on a personal moral code
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postconventional level
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rst level of reasoning in Kohlberg’s theory, where moral reasoning is based on external forces
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preconventional level
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physical signs of maturity that are directly linked to the reproductive organs
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primary sex characteristics
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collection of physical changes that marks the onset of adolescence, including a growth spurt and the growth of breasts or testes
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puberty
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physical signs of maturity that are not directly linked to reproductive organs
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secondary sex characteristics
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characteristic of Kohlberg’s Stage 5, in which moral reasoning is based on the belief that laws are for the good of all members of society
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social contract
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characteristic of Kohlberg’s Stage 4, in which moral reasoning is based on maintenance of order in society
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social system morality
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first spontaneous ejaculation of sperm
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spermarche
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characteristic of Kohlberg’s Stage 6, in which moral reasoning is based on moral principles that apply to all
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universal ethical principles
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self-absorption that is characteristic of teenagers as they search for identity
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adolescent egocentrism
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the behavior of youth who engage in relatively minor criminal acts but aren’t consistently antisocial
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adolescent-limited antisocial behavior
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a person’s explanations of his or her behavior, particularly successes and failures
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attributions
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first phase in Super’s theory of career development, in which adolescents use their emerging identities to form ideas about careers
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crystallization
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when someone is forced to have sexual intercourse with someone she or he knows
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date (acquaintance) rape
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disorder characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, irritability, and low self-esteem
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depression
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feeling of belonging to a specic ethnic group
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ethnic identity
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adolescents’ belief that misfortunes cannot happen to them
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illusion of invulnerability
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adolescents’ feeling that their behavior is constantly being watched by their peers
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imaginary audience
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third phase in Super’s theory of career development, in which individuals actually enter the workforce
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implementation
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acts that are illegal regardless of the perpetrator’s age
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index offense
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when adolescents commit illegal acts that are destructive to themselves or others
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juvenile delinquency
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antisocial behavior that emerges at an early age and continues throughout life
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life-course persistent antisocial behavior
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neurotransmitters that help to regulate brain centers associated with experiencing pleasure
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norepinephrine and serotonin
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attitude of many adolescents that their feelings and experiences are unique and have never been experienced by anyone else before
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personal fable
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view proposed by Holland that people nd their work fulfilling when the important features of a job or profession t the worker’s personality
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personality-type theory
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second phase in Super’s theory of career development, in which adolescents learn more about specific lines of work and begin training
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specification
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an act that is not a crime if committed by an adult, such as truancy or running away from home
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status offense
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physical dependence on a substance (e.g., alcohol) such that withdrawal symptoms are experienced when deprived of that substance
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addiction
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type of drinking dened for men as consuming ve or more drinks in a row and for women as consuming four or more drinks in a row within the past 2 weeks
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binge drinking
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an adjusted ratio of weight to height; used to define “overweight”
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body mass index (BMI)
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the knowledge you have acquired through life experience and education in a particular culture
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crystallized intelligence
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period between late teens and mid- to late twenties when individuals are not adolescents but are not yet fully adults
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emerging adulthood
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abilities that make you a [1]exible and adaptive thinker, allow you to make inferences, and enable you to understand the relations among concepts
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fluid intelligence
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chemicals that help keep arteries clear and break down LDLs
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high-density lipoproteins (HDLs)
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activation of strong stereotypes that is nonconscious, increasing the likelihood of their influencing behavior
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implicit stereotyping
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patterns of change that vary from one person to another
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interindividual variability
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sixth stage in Erikson’s theory and the major psychosocial task for young adults
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intimacy versus isolation
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a personal narrative that organizes past events into a coherent sequence
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life story
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a unied sense of the past, present, and future based on personal experience and input from other people
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life-span construct
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chemicals that cause fatty deposits to accumulate in arteries, impeding blood flow
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low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)
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how much energy the body needs
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metabolism
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characteristic of theories of intelligence that identify several types of intellectual abilities
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multidimensional
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developmental pattern in which some aspects of intelligence improve and other aspects decline during adulthood
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multidirectionality
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the highest level of information-processing of which a person is capable
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optimal level of development
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the degree to which you believe your performance in a situation depends on something you do
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personal control beliefs
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concept that intellectual abilities are not xed but can be modied under the right conditions at just about any point in adulthood
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plasticity
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representations of what we could become, what we would like to become, and what we are afraid of becoming
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possible selves
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thinking characterized by recognizing that the correct answer varies from one situation to another, that solutions should be realistic, that ambiguity and contradiction are typical, and that subjective factors play a role in thinking
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postformal thought
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groups of related intellectual skills (such as memory or spatial ability)
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primary mental abilities
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way in which adults reason through real-life dilemmas
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reflective judgment
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college students over age 25
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returning adult students
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rituals marking initiation into adulthood
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rites of passage
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the process of assuming new responsibilities and duties
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role transition
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manifestation of the life-span construct through expectations about the future
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scenario
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broader intellectual skills that subsume and organize the primary abilities
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secondary mental abilities
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the gradual and haphazard process by which people learn new abilities
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skill acquisition
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tagging future events with a particular time or age by which they are to be completed
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social clock
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a social belief representing organized prior knowledge about a group of people that affects how we interpret new information
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stereotype
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an evoked fear of being judged in accordance with a negative stereotype about a group to which you belong
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stereotype threat
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relationships in which one person becomes aggressive toward the partner
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abusive relationship
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theory stating that people nd partners based on their similarity to each other
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assortative mating
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situation occurring when a woman believes that she cannot leave the abusive situation and may even go so far as to kill her abuser
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battered woman syndrome
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people in committed, intimate, sexual relationships who live together but are not married
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cohabitation
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theory that states marriage is based on each partner contributing something to the relationship that the other would be hard-pressed to provide
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exchange theory
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most common form of family around the world; one in which grandparents and other relatives live with parents and children
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extended family
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the idea that the family’s well-being takes precedence over the concerns of individual family members
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familism
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similarity of values and interests
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homogamy
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middle-aged couples that have grown apart emotionally but continue to live together
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married singles
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most common form of family in Western societies, consisting only of parent(s) and child(ren)
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nuclear family
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