Life Span Exam 3

Front 1

most widely used criteria for deciding whether a person has reached adulthood

Back 1

role transitions

Front 2

role transitions

Back 2

involve assuming new responsibilities and duties

Front 3

rites of passage

Back 3

rituals to mark adulthood (mainly in men)
largely absent in Western culture

Front 4

Returning adult students

Back 4

tend to be more motivated and have many other positive characteristics

Front 5

The passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act

Back 5

changed the way people with disabilities participate in society by bringing down barriers to participation

Front 6

Behaviorally, the frequency of reckless behavior

Back 6

drops in adulthood

Front 7

A major task for adults is to deal with Erikson's 6th stage

Back 7

intimacy vs. isolation

Front 8

Men and career-oriented women solve

Back 8

identity issues before intimacy issues

Front 9

some women resolve

Back 9

intimacy issues before identity issues

Front 10

So When Do People Become Adults?

Back 10

In Western cultures, people become adults when they fully feel like an adult.

Front 11

Young adulthood is the time when several physical abilities peak

Back 11

height, strength, muscle development, coordination, dexterity, and sensory acuity

Front 12

height, strength, muscle development, coordination, dexterity, and sensory acuity

Back 12

Most of these abilities begin to decline in middle age

Front 13

leading cause of death

Back 13

Accidents, followed by AIDS and cancer

Front 14

are more likely to die than women

Back 14

Men

Front 15

more likely to die than European Americans

Back 15

Ethnic minorities

Front 16

Ethnic minorities are more likely to die than European Americans because

Back 16

of poverty and reduced access to health care

Front 17

single biggest contributor to health problems

Back 17

Smoking

Front 18

related to half of all cancers

Back 18

Smoking

Front 19

primary cause of respiratory and cardiovascular disease

Back 19

Smoking

Front 20

For most people, drinking alcohol poses

Back 20

few health risks

Front 21

related to a number of problems including missing classes and unwanted sexual behavior

Back 21

Binge drinking

Front 22

occurs when the dependence on alcohol interferes with relationships, health, occupation, and social functioning

Back 22

Alcoholism

Front 23

important risk factor in cardiovascular disease

Back 23

The ratio of LDLs to HDLs in serum cholesterol

Front 24

socioeconomic status and education

Back 24

two most important social factors in health

Front 25

Higher education is associated with better health due to

Back 25

better access to health care and more knowledge about proper diet and life style

Front 26

African Americans living in poor, inner-city slums

Back 26

poorest health conditions

Front 27

Most modern theories of intelligence

Back 27

multidimensional

Front 28

across adulthood, abilities reflect different developmental trends and individual differences

Back 28

Baltes’ research

Front 29

Intellectual abilities can be studied as groups of related skills

Back 29

primary mental abilities

Front 30

Most recent cohorts

Back 30

perform better on some skills, such as inductive reasoning

Front 31

related to a number of problems including missing classes and unwanted sexual behavior

Back 31

Binge drinking

Front 32

occurs when the dependence on alcohol interferes with relationships, health, occupation, and social functioning

Back 32

Alcoholism

Front 33

important risk factor in cardiovascular disease

Back 33

The ratio of LDLs to HDLs in serum cholesterol

Front 34

socioeconomic status and education

Back 34

two most important social factors in health

Front 35

Higher education is associated with better health due to

Back 35

better access to health care and more knowledge about proper diet and life style

Front 36

African Americans living in poor, inner-city slums

Back 36

poorest health conditions

Front 37

Most modern theories of intelligence

Back 37

multidimensional

Front 38

across adulthood, abilities reflect different developmental trends and individual differences

Back 38

Baltes’ research

Front 39

Intellectual abilities can be studied as groups of related skills

Back 39

primary mental abilities

Front 40

Most recent cohorts

Back 40

perform better on some skills, such as inductive reasoning

Front 41

older cohorts

Back 41

perform better on number skills

Front 42

consists of abilities that make people flexible and adaptive thinkers and generally decline across adulthood

Back 42

Fluid intelligence

Front 43

reflects knowledge that people acquire through life experience and education in a particular culture and improve until later life

Back 43

Crystallized intelligence

Front 44

characterized by a recognition that truth may vary from one situation to another, that solutions must be realistic, that ambiguity and contradiction are the rule, and that emotion and subjectivity play a role in thinking

Back 44

Postformal thought

Front 45

One example of postformal thought

Back 45

reflective judgment

Front 46

more than one right answer

Back 46

integration of emotion with logic

Front 47

help us to process information when we engage in social interactions

Back 47

Stereotypes

Front 48

refers to a fear of being judged in accordance with a negative stereotype and can hamper performance

Back 48

Stereotype threat

Front 49

has a strong influence on social beliefs

Back 49

Socialization

Front 50

affect thinking in a social context

Back 50

Specific situations

Front 51

represents a unified sense of the past, present, and future

Back 51

Young adults create a life span construct

Front 52

Young adults create a life span construct in two ways

Back 52

through a scenario that maps out the future based on a social clock, and in the life story, which creates an autobiography

Front 53

projecting themselves into the future and thinking what they would like to become, what they could become, and what they are afraid of becoming

Back 53

possible selves

Front 54

hope-for selves

Back 54

18-24 year-olds and 40-59 year-olds report family issues as most importan

Front 55

report personal issues to be most important

Back 55

25-39 year-olds and older adults

Front 56

all groups report ______ most feared self

Back 56

physical issues

Front 57

Self-concept in adulthood is believed to develop in stages that

Back 57

integrate Piagetian and postformal thinking with emotional development

Front 58

appears to be relatively stable across adulthood

Back 58

Self-concept

Front 59

Postformal adult thinkers differ from adolescent formal operational thinkers in that the adults are more likely to

Back 59

consider situational circumstances

Front 60

It is estimated that about ____ of high school students in the United States go on to college.

Back 60

65%

Front 61

In most non-Western cultures, ____ is the most important determinant of adult status

Back 61

marriage

Front 62

The youngest age at which most college's label an individual as a returning adult student is

Back 62

25

Front 63

Notah is a Native American

Back 63

stereotype threat

Front 64

Implicit stereotypes always

Back 64

are triggered unconsciously

Front 65

Schaie's (1994) longitudinal study shows that as people reach their 60s

Back 65

all of their primary abilities decline

Front 66

Low-density lipoproteins

Back 66

cause fatty deposits that can lead to blocked arteries.

Front 67

Even though Jennings is only 22 years old

Back 67

increase with age

Front 68

Amanda is physically dependent on alcohol

Back 68

an addiction

Front 69

Gina is 40 years old, and often reflects on her life.

Back 69

life-story

Front 70

Stereotypes

Back 70

help us process information in social situations.

Front 71

Who is most at risk for experiencing cognitive decline in old age?

Back 71

a 30 year old with hypertensive heart disease

Front 72

A doctor is most likely to recommend that you consume higher levels of ____ to increase your HDL level.

Back 72

fiber

Front 73

Kate thinks that no matter what she does

Back 73

personal control beliefs.

Front 74

Most people who drink alcohol experience ____ serious health problem(s).

Back 74

no

Front 75

At a chemical level, alcohol addiction results in chemical changes that

Back 75

cause the body to crave alcohol.

Front 76

A baseball coach tells a pitcher

Back 76

plasticity

Front 77

According to Schaie (1994)

Back 77

educational experience

Front 78

Jimmy goes to a party with his college buddies and has six beers in a row.

Back 78

binge drinking

Front 79

Which statement is true?

Back 79

Secondary mental abilities represent a subset of a primary mental ability.

Front 80

Mature thinkers tend to

Back 80

integrate emotion and logic in decisions making.

Front 81

All four of these people successfully quit smoking. Which person's method was most typical of successful quitters?

Back 81

Wendy, who quit on her own

Front 82

Webster loves playing any game in which he can show off the large vocabulary

Back 82

crystallized intelligence.

Front 83

Who has the lowest risk of dying from a chronic disease?

Back 83

Fester, who is a college graduate

Front 84

The youngest age at which most college's label an individual as a returning adult student is

Back 84

25.

Front 85

Smoking represents a major medical problem in the United States with about ____ people each year dying from smoking-related disorders.

Back 85

440,000

Front 86

Which provides the best example of a multidimensional measure?

Back 86

the ACT or SAT college exams

Front 87

Sheena is struggling to develop her math skills. She's improving, but has a long way to go before she masters them. This process would be best described as

Back 87

skill acquisition.

Front 88

Who is most likely to have the most possible selves?

Back 88

Nobuhiro, who is 23 years old

Front 89

Who would you expect to live the longest?

Back 89

Ashley, who is a European American female

Front 90

Jason believes that gun control is absolutely wrong,

Back 90

initial

Front 91

Sixty-year-old Norbert says, "When I was a teenager I could eat five big meals a day and still feel hungry. Now a couple of snacks can get me through the day." What best accounts for this age-related change?

Back 91

lower metabolic rate

Front 92

Role transitions always

Back 92

involve the acquisition of new responsibilities

Front 93

It is estimated that about ____ of high school students in the United States go on to college.

Back 93

65%

Front 94

Dr. Appel is attempting to measure the upper limits of the information-processing capacity of her students. Dr. Appel is most likely attempting to assess their

Back 94

optimal levels of development

Front 95

Low-density lipoproteins

Back 95

cause fatty deposits that can lead to blocked arteries.

Front 96

Fluid intelligence consist of abilities that

Back 96

allow for more flexible and adaptive thinking.

Front 97

Who would Apter (2001) be most likely to call a "thresholder"?

Back 97

Jesse, a 22-year-old male

Front 98

When making a court decision, Judge Ito says, "I try to come to reasonable solutions based on the basis of the best arguments that I have available." Judge Ito appears to be in the ____ stages of reflective judgment.

Back 98

later

Front 99

Dr. Zappa is asking you how you might respond to being stranded on a desert island with limited supplies. Later, she has you attempt complex mazes, and asks you to decipher a number of analogies. Dr. Zappa is most likely assessing your

Back 99

fluid intelligence.

Front 100

Even though Jennings is only 22 years old, he is already the "king of trivia." If Jennings is typical, his ability to do well in trivia games will most likely

Back 100

increase with age.

Front 101

Implicit stereotypes always

Back 101

are triggered unconsciously

Front 102

Mick has structured beliefs about females that seems to come into play in his interactions with women without him even realizing it. What term best describes this phenomenon?

Back 102

implicit stereotyping

Front 103

Postformal adult thinkers differ from adolescent formal operational thinkers in that the adults are more likely to

Back 103

consider situational circumstances.

Front 104

Crystallized intelligence is

Back 104

acquired across one's life.

Front 105

consists of a series of bodily changes occurring in early adolescence, including a period of rapid growth.

Back 105

Puberty

Front 106

caused by increases in the hormones thyroxine and growth hormone

Back 106

growth spurt

Front 107

caused by increases in the sex hormones.

Back 107

Sexual maturation

Front 108

Today, children enter puberty earlier and are bigger at maturity than in

Back 108

previous generations

Front 109

tends to be beneficial to boys, apparently because others perceive them to be more mature and are more likely to treat them as adults.

Back 109

Early maturation

Front 110

girls may lead them to associate with older adolescents and engage in age-inappropriate behavior.

Back 110

Early maturation

Front 111

often unpopular, have low self-esteem, and are at risk for medical problems

Back 111

Overweight children and adolescents

Front 112

youth are those in which children and their parents set eating goals and exercise goals, and both are rewarded for their performance.

Back 112

The most effective programs for treating obesity in youth

Front 113

characterized by an irrational fear of being overweight

Back 113

Anorexia

Front 114

involves alternating between binge eating and purging

Back 114

Bulimia

Front 115

cultural standards for thinness, a need for independence within an autocratic family, and heredity

Back 115

factors contribute to anorexia

Front 116

participating in sports can

Back 116

improve physical fitness
enhance self-esteem

Front 117

Every year, approximately one adolescent out of

Back 117

1,000 dies, usually from an accident

Front 118

transitional period for cognitive processes

Back 118

Adolescence

Front 119

Change in working memory and processing speed that occurs in childhood means

Back 119

that adolescents process information efficiently

Front 120

How Does Information Processing Improve in Adolescence?

Back 120

1.  Adolescence is a transitional period for cognitive processes.
2.  Change in working memory and processing speed that occurs in childhood means that adolescents process information efficiently. 
3.  Adolescents acquire adult-like levels of knowledge and understanding.  This has an indirect effect on cognitive processing.
4. Adolescents become skilled at using appropriate strategies.

Front 121

Kohlberg’s Theory

Back 121

preconventional, conventional, and postconventional

Front 122

developed a theory of moral reasoning based in how people think about moral dilemmas

Back 122

Kohlberg

Front 123

Preconventional

Back 123

a) obedience to authority
b) nice behavior in exchange for future favors

Front 124

Conventional

Back 124

c) live up to others’ expectations
d) follow rules to maintain social order

Front 125

Postconventional

Back 125

e) adhere to a social contract when it is valid
f)  personal morals based on abstract principles.

Front 126

Moral reasoning

Back 126

reflects the culture in which a person is reared
reflects cultural values.

Front 127

criticized Kohlberg’s theory on the grounds that it was biased toward a justice point of view of moral reasoning

Back 127

Gilligan

Front 128

claimed that women base their reasoning more on a care and responsibility in interpersonal relationships ethic.

Back 128

Gilligan

Front 129

use both a justice and a care/responsibility approach depending on the circumstances.

Back 129

both males and females

Front 130

suggests that moral development involves a developmental shift away from self-centered thinking to social norms and moral principles

Back 130

Eisenberg’s theory

Front 131

Three factors contribute to moral reasoning

Back 131

a) Awareness of one’s thinking
b) Observing others’ reasoning
c) Discussing moral issues with peers, teachers, and parents.  

Front 132

claimed that the crisis of adolescence is to achieve an identity.

Back 132

Erikson

Front 133

The search for identity typically involves four statuses.

Back 133

Diffusion and foreclosure are more common in early adolescence; moratorium and achievement are more common in late adolescence and young adulthood

Front 134

adolescent thought becomes very self-oriented

Back 134

During their search for an identity

Front 135

A family atmosphere that encourages adolescents to explore alternatives on their own

Back 135

most conducive to establishing a well-defined identity

Front 136

three phases in acquiring an ethnic identity

Back 136

initial disinterest, exploration, and identity achievement

Front 137

usually results in higher self-esteem and better academic performance

Back 137

Achieving an ethnic identity

Front 138

is not consistently related to the strength of one’s identification with mainstream culture

Back 138

Achieving an ethnic identity

Front 139

self-esteem stabilizes but will sometimes drop when children move to middle or junior high school

Back 139

elementary school

Front 140

Children and adolescents with affectionate and involved parents

Back 140

have higher self-esteem.

Front 141

Children and adolescents who are successful in school have

Back 141

higher self-esteem

Front 142

often begins with the meeting of same-sex groups and progresses to well-defined couples

Back 142

Dating

Front 143

most adolescents have had sexual intercourse

Back 143

By age 19

Front 144

Adolescents are more likely to be sexually active if

Back 144

they believe that their parents and peers approve of sex

Front 145

two common consequences of adolescent sexual behavior, because sexually active adolescents use contraceptives infrequently

Back 145

Pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases

Front 146

report engaging in homosexual experiences

Back 146

small percentage

Front 147

Current theorizing emphasizes the contributions of biology

Back 147

origins of a homosexual orientation

Front 148

a situation where an adolescent or young adult female is forced into sex against their will.  It may be that some males misinterpret or disregard females’ intentions.

Back 148

Date rape

Front 149

particularly likely when either partner has been drinking or when the couple has had sex previously.

Back 149

Sexual coercion

Front 150

proposes that an adolescent’s identity and career aspirations develop in parallel.

Back 150

Super’s theory of vocational choice

Front 151

three phases of vocational development during adolescence and young adulthood

Back 151

Crystallization
Specification
Implementation

Front 152

basic interests are identified

Back 152

Crystallization

Front 153

jobs associated with interests are identified

Back 153

Specification

Front 154

marks entry into the work force

Back 154

Implementation

Front 155

Holland proposed six different work-related personality types:

Back 155

realistic, investigative, social, conventional, enterprising, and artistic

Front 156

This phenomenon began in the 1980’s and is unique to the United States

Back 156

Most American adolescents will have a part-time job

Front 157

typically do poorly in school, often have lowered self-esteem and increased anxiety, and have problems interacting with others

Back 157

Adolescents, who are employed more than 15 hours per week during the school year

Front 158

save relatively little of their income

Back 158

Employed adolescents

Front 159

can be beneficial if they work relatively few hours and if the work allows them to use existing skills or to acquire new ones

Back 159

Adolescent part-time employment

Front 160

only drug that many adolescents use regularly

Back 160

alcohol

Front 161

Adolescents are attracted to alcohol and other drugs by their need for

Back 161

experimentation, relaxation, escape, and to produce feelings of exhilaration.

Front 162

encouragement from parents and peers and their ability to cope with stress

Back 162

factors that influence whether adolescents drink

Front 163

have little enthusiasm for life, believe that others are unfriendly, and wish to be left alone

Back 163

Depressed adolescents

Front 164

can be triggered by an event that deprives them of rewarding experiences, by an event in which they felt unable to control their own destiny, or by an imbalance of neurotransmitters

Back 164

Depression

Front 165

relies upon medications that correct the levels of neurotransmitters and therapy designed to improve social skills and restructure adolescents’ interpretations of events

Back 165

treatment of depression

Front 166

third most frequent cause of death in adolescents

Back 166

suicide

Front 167

Depression and substance abuse

Back 167

precursors of suicide

Front 168

may involve a status offense, acts that are crimes because they are committed by an adolescent (e.g., truancy), or index offenses, acts that are crimes regardless of the age of the offender.

Back 168

Delinquent behavior

Front 169

Two types of delinquent behavior

Back 169

life-course persistent antisocial behavior and adolescent-limited antisocial behavior.

Front 170

may be motivated by the desire to possess high status items

Back 170

Adolescent-limited antisocial behavior

Front 171

has been linked to social class, family processes, lack of self-control, and biological causes.

Back 171

Life-course persistent antisocial behavior

Front 172

Levinson

Back 172

proposed a series of stages friendship go through

Front 173

stages friendship go through

Back 173

acquaintanceship, buildup, continuation, deterioration, and ending

Front 174

  People tend to have more friendships during

Back 174

young adulthood than during any other period.

Front 175

Three themes underlie adult friendships

Back 175

an affective or emotional basis, a shared or communal nature, and sociability and compatibility.

Front 176

tend to have fewer close friends and base them on shared activities, such as sports.

Back 176

men

Front 177

tend to have more close friendships, and base them on intimate and emotional sharing

Back 177

women

Front 178

key components of love that can be used to understand how relationships develop

Back 178

Passion, intimacy and commitment

Front 179

Although styles of love change with age,

Back 179

the priorities within relationships do not.

Front 180

people select mates based on their similarity to each other.

Back 180

theory of assortative mating

Front 181

The relationship of a couple may progress in stages

Back 181

stimulus, values, and role.

Front 182

same kinds of attachments they had as children to important adults.

Back 182

adults recreate in partnership relationships

Front 183

tend to be cautious pragmatists.

Back 183

women

Front 184

tend to be more romantic earlier in relationships

Back 184

men

Front 185

occurs when a woman believes that she cannot leave the abusive situation.

Back 185

battered woman syndrome

Front 186

Levels of aggressive behavior

Back 186

verbal aggression, to physical aggression, to murdering one’s partner

Front 187

become more complex as the level of aggression increases.

Back 187

causes of aggressive behaviors

Front 188

People remain in abusive relationships for many reasons

Back 188

low self-esteem and beliefs that they cannot leave

Front 189

remain unmarried

Back 189

Fewer men than women

Front 190

twice as likely to be single compared to European Americans.

Back 190

In young adulthood, African Americans

Front 191

cohabitation is much more common

Back 191

In some European countries

Front 192

Couples who cohabitated first

Back 192

have a higher divorce rate

Front 193

tend to be more egalitarian, and are more likely to remain together than gay male couples.

Back 193

Lesbian couples

Front 194

creating a stable sense of identity as a foundation for intimacy, similarity of values and interests, and contributions of unique skills by each partner.

Back 194

most important factors in creating stable marriages

Front 195

For couples with children, marital satisfaction tends to decline until

Back 195

the children leave home

Front 196

couples must be flexible, adaptable, and communicate well with each other.

Back 196

To keep a marriage happy

Front 197

most common form of family in Western societies

Back 197

nuclear family

Front 198

most common form of family around the world

Back 198

extended family

Front 199

Families experience a series of relatively predictable changes called the

Back 199

family life cycle

Front 200

family life cycle

Back 200

provides a framework for understanding changes families go through as children mature.

Front 201

usually prove to be good parents.

Back 201

Gay male and lesbian parents

Front 202

factors that contribute to high divorce rate of 50-50

Back 202

ethnicity and social norms

Front 203

recovery from divorce - clearly have a harder time in the long run, often for financial reasons.

Back 203

women

Front 204

According to Kohlberg's original theory, there are ____ levels of moral reasoning each containing ____ stages.

Back 204

three; two

Front 205

Whose model of moral development is best described as a level of prosocial reasoning approach?

Back 205

Kohlberg

Front 206

Overweight teens are most at risk for developing ____ later in life.

Back 206

diabetes

Front 207

Which statement concerning cognitive development in adolescence is true?

Back 207

Working memory and processing speed are more adultlike than childlike.

Front 208

Which of the following factors seems to be most involved in change in the average age of menarche that has been seen in many industrialized nations over the past 150 years?

Back 208

nutrition

Front 209

Which of the following statements best describes an approval-focused orientation?

Back 209

Good kids are supposed to behave themselves.

Front 210

Primary sex characteristic changes are those directly impacting

Back 210

reproduction.

Front 211

In a typically developing adolescent experiencing puberty, you would expect that their ____ would be the last body area to grow.

Back 211

trunk

Front 212

Historically, a girl's first menstruation signaled her ascendance into adulthood. Today, we refer to this specific event as

Back 212

menarche

Front 213

If you were in a classroom based on the idea of "Just Communities," you would expect to

Back 213

hear students and teachers discussing the moral consequences of different actions.

Front 214

Which measure would be used to determine where a child is overweight?

Back 214

BMI

Front 215

Dontee is a typical teenager. Research has indicated that the moodiness that he is exhibiting is most likely due to

Back 215

changes in social settings and activities.

Front 216

Concerning weight, the abbreviation BMI stands for

Back 216

body mass index.

Front 217

Those adhering to a(n) ____ orientation to prosocial reasoning would always try to act like they think a good member of society should act.

Back 217

approval-focused

Front 218

From whom would you expect the biggest gains in height and weight over the next three years?

Back 218

Tina, who is 11 years old

Front 219

Kohlberg proposed that stages of moral reasoning

Back 219

form an invariant sequence.

Front 220

One way to reduce the incidence of obesity in adolescence is to have them engage in "regular activity." Which of the following defines such activity?

Back 220

Exercise should keep the heart rate at about 140 beats per minute.

Front 221

Jackson's statement, "My moral compass is based on the simple premise that one must always adhere to social norms" indicates that he is operating at the ____ level of moral reasoning.

Back 221

conventional

Front 222

The statement "____" underlies the basic premise of Eisenberg's needs- oriented orientation.

Back 222

I want to help

Front 223

Based on statistics, which of the following 16-year-old males is most likely to die in an incident involving a firearm?

Back 223

Ned, who is African American

Front 224

Programs that effectively assist obese children in losing weight tend to

Back 224

have parents monitor their own lifestyles to serve as good models for proper eating.

Front 225

In the United States, about ____ out of every 1000 adolescents dies each year.

Back 225

one

Front 226

The speed at which the body consumes calories is referred to as

Back 226

basal metabolic rate.

Front 227

Who is most likely to enjoy positive psychological benefits from the timing of maturation?

Back 227

Burton, who is an early-maturing male

Front 228

Social system morality is the focus of one of the stages of Kohlberg's ____ level of moral reasoning.

Back 228

conventional

Front 229

A person in the first stage of preconventional moral reasoning relies heavily on ____ when making a moral judgment.

Back 229

obedience to authority

Front 230

Estrogen is to androgen as

Back 230

ovary is to testes.

Front 231

Klaczsnski and Narasimham (1998) found that when making decisions concerning scientific research, teens tend to

Back 231

dismiss findings that threaten their beliefs.

Front 232

Primary sex characteristic changes are those directly impacting

Back 232

reproduction.

Front 233

In the United States, about ____ out of every 1000 adolescents dies each year.

Back 233

one

Front 234

Dontee is a typical teenager. Research has indicated that the moodiness that he is exhibiting is most likely due to

Back 234

changes in social settings and activities.

Front 235

A typical teenage girl should consume approximately ____ calories each day.

Back 235

2200

Front 236

Which phrase describes the basic premise of Gilligan's theory of moral development?

Back 236

the ethic of care

Front 237

The fact that 250-pound Robyn's basal metabolic rate affects her weight supports the role of ____ in obesity.

Back 237

genes

Front 238

Carrie exhibits anorexia nervosa. When she looks in a mirror, she is most likely thinking,

Back 238

"I'm so fat!"

Front 239

What basic moral question underlies the Heinz dilemma?

Back 239

Can stealing be justified?

Front 240

Social system morality is the focus of one of the stages of Kohlberg's ____ level of moral reasoning.

Back 240

conventional

Front 241

The negative effects associated with being an early-maturing female have been found to be offset by

Back 241

having supportive parents.

Front 242

If you were asked to develop an effective prevention program concerning eating disorders in teens, you should

Back 242

teach the importance of resisting the social pressure to be thin.

Front 243

Who is most likely to enjoy positive psychological benefits from the timing of maturation?

Back 243

Burton, who is an early-maturing male

Front 244

Jackson's statement, "My moral compass is based on the simple premise that one must always adhere to social norms" indicates that he is operating at the ____ level of moral reasoning.

Back 244

conventional

Front 245

Research has shown that

Back 245

childhood obesity is related to bulimia but not anorexia.

Front 246

Which best describes the "paternal investment theory" of puberty?

Back 246

Dads have the greatest impact on the timing of early puberty, and having a highly involved dad appears to delay the onset of puberty.

Front 247

If your basal metabolic rate were to dramatically accelerate, you would likely begin to

Back 247

lose weight

Front 248

____ is one of the defining characteristics of anorexia nervosa.

Back 248

The persistent refusal to eat

Front 249

Fifteen-year-old Kristi was adopted when she was an infant. Her adult weight is best predicted by the

Back 249

weight of her biological parents.

Front 250

Currently in the United States about one in ____ adolescents is overweight.

Back 250

seven

Front 251

A sex difference during puberty involves the fact that

Back 251

body fat levels tend to be more pronounced in females.

Front 252

Overweight teens are most at risk for developing ____ later in life.

Back 252

diabetes

Front 253

Why do Asian American and Latino American teens tend to begin dating at a later age than European American teens?

Back 253

stronger family ties

Front 254

Which 14-year-old is planning on committing a juvenile delinquent status offense?

Back 254

Boris, who is planning on running away from home

Front 255

____ identity status occurs after an individual has explored several options and has made a deliberate decision.

Back 255

Achievement

Front 256

Bem (1996) proposed that the biological basis of sexual orientation involves

Back 256

genetic and hormonal factors that influence temperament and affect orientation to same- or opposite-sex activities.

Front 257

Which group of teenage boys has by far the highest suicide rate?

Back 257

Native Americans

Front 258

Which statement regarding Marcia's four identity statuses is correct?

Back 258

An individual can be in more than one stage at one time.

Front 259

The Strong Interest Inventory is most associated with

Back 259

personality-type theory.

Front 260

According to Holland, people with a(n) ____ personality type are most likely to be satisfied with a teaching career.

Back 260

social

Front 261

Research has indicated that when a high school student begins to work over ____ hours a week at a part-time job during the school year, academic problems may arise.

Back 261

15

Front 262

What is the correct order of the phases of career development?

Back 262

crystallization, specification, implementation

Front 263

Foreclosure is to achievement as

Back 263

others is to self.

Front 264

Learned helplessness is characterized by a belief that

Back 264

one's feelings are completely due to uncontrollable, external factors.

Front 265

The critical difference between normal sadness and depression is that depression is

Back 265

pervasive

Front 266

Of the following theorists, ____ theory does the best job of describing the developmental progression of career choice.

Back 266

Super's

Front 267

Which of these STDs is caused by bacteria?

Back 267

gonorrhea

Front 268

According to recent research, most adolescents

Back 268

admire and love their parents.

Front 269

Which is the best example of a juvenile delinquency index offense?

Back 269

driving 80 mph in a 35-mph zone

Front 270

Your roommate is trying to figure out what to do for a career. If you were a proponent of the personality-type theory, you might recommend that she take the

Back 270

SII.

Front 271

The main assumption of Holland's theory is that people

Back 271

will be happiest in work environments that match their personalities.

Front 272

The attitudes, behaviors, and values that we believe make us unique individuals are called our

Back 272

self-concept.

Front 273

According to the chart in your text, which drug is used least by adolescents?

Back 273

LSD

Front 274

Which high school student is most likely to benefit from her job?

Back 274

Cyndi, who only works during the summer

Front 275

Nicholas and Alexandra are typical American teenagers. How would their descriptions concerning their first sexual experience most likely differ?

Back 275

Alexandra's peers would be more likely to express some disapproval concerning her behavior.

Front 276

About ____ of male and female teenagers identify themselves as homosexual.

Back 276

5%

Front 277

Adolescents are especially susceptible to acquiring AIDS because, compared to the general population, they are

Back 277

more likely to use intravenous drugs.

Front 278

The defining feature of the "personal fable" is a feeling of

Back 278

uniqueness.

Front 279

Which individual is committing an index offense?

Back 279

Scott, a 23-year-old who is stealing a car

Front 280

Which statement concerning part-time work and teenagers is true?

Back 280

Jobs that require the use of some skill tend to enhance self-esteem.

Front 281

According to Holland, people with a(n) ____ personality type are most likely to be satisfied with a teaching career.

Back 281

social

Front 282

How do the employment patterns of American teens vary from age peers from other industrialized nations?

Back 282

American teens are much more likely to be holding down part-time jobs.

Front 283

Chancres are associated with which STD?

Back 283

syphilis

Front 284

Ten years from now most jobs will be in the ____ industry.

Back 284

service

Front 285

Sid and Nancy are out on their fifth date. Which factor is least likely to increase the possibility of an acquaintance rape occurring?

Back 285

Nancy struggles with Sid when he makes unwanted advances.

Front 286

According to Super, the key element of the specification phase of career development involves

Back 286

limiting career possibilities.

Front 287

A major theme of most date rape prevention workshops is to

Back 287

establish good communication about sex.

Front 288

Murder is a(n) ____ offense.

Back 288

index

Front 289

According to recent research, most adolescents

Back 289

admire and love their parents.

Front 290

Which statement concerning self-esteem is true?

Back 290

A harmonious child-parent relationship tends to lead to higher levels of self- esteem in adolescents.

Front 291

Why do Asian American and Latino American teens tend to begin dating at a later age than European American teens?

Back 291

stronger family ties

Front 292

Your text indicates that many teenagers who smoke are convinced that cigarette smoking is harmless for healthy adolescents. Which concept does the best job of explaining this phenomenon?

Back 292

illusion of invulnerability

Front 293

What is the best description of the relationship between strength of ethnic identity and self-esteem?

Back 293

positive correlation

Front 294

Bogaert (2003) has found that gay men often have numerous older brothers. How was this fact thought to lead to homosexuality?

Back 294

Biochemical responses by mom's immune system increase with each male baby.

Front 295

Of the following theorists, ____ theory does the best job of describing the developmental progression of career choice.

Back 295

Super's

Front 296

Jan's decision to stay home from school because she thinks everyone will notice a pimple she has recently discovered on her chin serves as an excellent example of

Back 296

an imaginary audience.

Front 297

The Strong Interest Inventory is most associated with

Back 297

personality-type theory.

Front 298

When Seuss is asked what she wants to do with her life, she says "My parents really want me to be a doctor, so I'm going to be a doctor." In doing so, Seuss is exhibiting Marcia's ____ type of identity status.

Back 298

foreclosure

Front 299

Which comment concerns the relationship between adolescent mental health and part-time jobs in excess of 20 hours per week?

Back 299

Teens with such jobs tend to be more likely to experience depression and anxiety than their peers.

Front 300

The drop in self-esteem often found when children first enter middle school appears to be due to

Back 300

peer comparisons.

Front 301

____ identity status occurs after an individual has explored several options and has made a deliberate decision.

Back 301

Achievement

Front 302

After exploring a number of career options, Antonio chooses to become an accountant. According to Marcia, what level of identity status is Antonio exhibiting?

Back 302

achievement

Front 303

Kalminjn and Flap (2001) found that ____ tended to promote strong homogamy in relationships.

Back 303

meeting in school

Front 304

In a "no-fault marriage,"

Back 304

a couple can separate after 6 months without cause (i.e., adultery).

Front 305

Compared to 1970, the number of cohabitating couples in the United States had ____ by the year 2000.

Back 305

increased significantly

Front 306

Which best describes the relationship between gay and lesbian relationships versus heterosexual relationships?

Back 306

Homosexual couples are more likely to argue over former loves.

Front 307

Which couple is probably the happiest?

Back 307

Harvey and Amy, who have just retired

Front 308

According to O'Leary's (1993) model, ____ would have the largest number of potential underlying causes.

Back 308

murder

Front 309

Research on the biology of physical attraction suggests that neurochemicals related to ____ underlie the feeling of exhilaration that often is experienced when you fall in love.

Back 309

amphetamines

Front 310

Thirty-six-year-old Alexander and 25-year-old Jonathan are typical first-time fathers. We would expect that

Back 310

Alexander would spend more time with his child than Jonathan.

Front 311

Expression of negative emotions toward a spouse is positively correlated with

Back 311

early divorce.

Front 312

It is estimated that it will cost middle-income parents about ____ to raise a child born in 2004 from birth through high school.

Back 312

$250,000

Front 313

As a child, Kobe had an avoidant relationship with both his mom and dad. Research suggests that this would most likely lead to Kobe having ____ as an adult.

Back 313

trouble forming friendships

Front 314

Sanford's friendships tend to be based on self-disclosure and intimacy. This exemplifies the ____ component of friendship.

Back 314

affective

Front 315

The fact that Jerry and Elaine broke up because he was Jewish and she was Lutheran is best explained as being a problem in Murstein's ____ stage of couple formation.

Back 315

values

Front 316

Toni and Tim have just gotten married. Which component of love is most likely to be stronger 20 years from now than it is today?

Back 316

commitment

Front 317

Which belief about marriage is true?

Back 317

In most marriages, having a child decreases marital satisfaction for both spouses.

Front 318

Al and Peg are a typical American couple who have cohabitated for many years. If they later marry each other, they are likely to be ____ than other married couples that did not cohabitate.

Back 318

less happy

Front 319

Which statement concerning African Americans, European Americans, and Latinos in America is true?

Back 319

African Americans are most likely to be single during young adulthood.

Front 320

Based on statistics, which pair would you expect to have had the most past short-term relationships?

Back 320

William and Kirk, who are a gay male couple

Front 321

Eric and Jon have been friends for many years, but recently their friendship could be described as in the deterioration stage. Which factor is most likely to bring the relationship to the ending stage?

Back 321

Eric and Jon find new friends.

Front 322

Which statement best reflects the principle of assertive mating?

Back 322

Birds of a feather flock together.

Front 323

When compared to heterosexual fathers, gay fathers appear to be more concerned with

Back 323

providing their children with a nonsexist, nurturing environment.

Front 324

Juliet can feel it! She wants Romeo physically, and she wants him badly! Juliet is most likely experiencing

Back 324

passion.

Front 325

The defining belief among individuals experiencing "battered woman's syndrome" is that

Back 325

they are powerless to get away from the abuse.

Front 326

Which is not one of the three components of love, according to Sternberg?

Back 326

sociability

Front 327

Which has been associated with a decline in midlife marital satisfaction?

Back 327

health problems

Front 328

Expression of negative emotions toward a spouse is positively correlated with

Back 328

early divorce.

Front 329

Shiela is a recently divorced woman who has custody of her two young daughters. Shiela's biggest problems are most likely to be

Back 329

financial

Front 330

According to research presented in your text, what can be done to keep a marriage happy for a long time?

Back 330

be forgiving

Front 331

Toni and Tim have just gotten married. Which component of love is most likely to be stronger 20 years from now than it is today?

Back 331

commitment

Front 332

The causes of aggressive behavior become more ____ as the level of aggressive behavior increases.

Back 332

complex

Front 333

____ can be instigated by either the male or female member of a relationship.

Back 333

Common couple violence

Front 334

The "intimacy" component of love is most similar to the ____ theme of adult friendships.

Back 334

affective

Front 335

Which best describes the relationship between gay and lesbian relationships versus heterosexual relationships?

Back 335

Homosexual couples are more likely to argue over former loves.

Front 336

Juliet can feel it! She wants Romeo physically, and she wants him badly! Juliet is most likely experiencing

Back 336

passion

Front 337

By definition, patriarchal terrorism must

Back 337

be initiated by a man.

Front 338

Which has been associated with a decline in midlife marital satisfaction?

Back 338

health problems

Front 339

Ashley is 35 years old and just had her first baby. She is less likely to ____ than younger mothers.

Back 339

be anxious about being a parent

Front 340

Financial issues fit best into the ____ determinant category of the childbearing decision.

Back 340

lifestyle

Front 341

Part-time or limited cohabitation is usually undertaken because of

Back 341

convenience or sexual accessibility.

Front 342

Research on the biology of physical attraction suggests that neurochemicals related to ____ underlie the feeling of exhilaration that often is experienced when you fall in love.

Back 342

amphetamines

Front 343

Ken and Barbie are sexually active singles who are discussing the idea of moving in together. They are definitely contemplating

Back 343

cohabitation

Front 344

____ are more likely to identify problems early in a marriage.

Back 344

Women

Front 345

Which factor seems to be the best predictor of healthy postdivorce relationships?

Back 345

low preoccupation with the ex-spouse

Front 346

When compared to heterosexual fathers, gay fathers appear to be more concerned with

Back 346

providing their children with a nonsexist, nurturing environment.

Front 347

Due to the nature of their task, foster parents must

Back 347

take care in encouraging infants in their care to form attachments to them.

Front 348

It is estimated that it will cost middle-income parents about ____ to raise a child born in 2004 from birth through high school.

Back 348

250,000

Front 349

Siegfried and Roy have been friends for many years. In the past few months, however, they seem to have less in common, and Roy has been thinking more about hanging out with a potential new friend. Siegfried and Roy appear to be in the ____ stage of friendship development.

Back 349

deterioration

Front 350

Which person is least likely to have a strong friendship with her brother?

Back 350

Helen, who is 50

Front 351

Which characteristic is least likely to underlie aggressive relationship behavior by a male?

Back 351

empathy

Front 352

Eric and Jon have been friends for many years, but recently their friendship could be described as in the deterioration stage. Which factor is most likely to bring the relationship to the ending stage?

Back 352

Eric and Jon find new friends.