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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Freud's stages of psychosexual development |
Oral ( birth to the end of the first year) :relief from anxiety through oral gratification of needs Anal ( end of the first year of life to the third year) :learning independence and control, with focus on the excretory functions Phallic (3 to 6) :identification with parent of same sex; development of sexual identity; focus on genital organs Latency (6 to about 12) :sexuality repressed; focus on relationships with same sex peers Genital ( onset of puberty) :libido reawakened as Genital organs mature; focus on relationships with members of the opposite sex |
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Stages of development in Ericson's psychosocial theory |
Infancy ( birth - 18 months) :trust vs mistrust Early childhood (18 months - 3 years) :autonomy vs shame and doubt Late childhood (3 - 6 years) :initiative vs guilt School age (6 - 12 years) :industry vs inferiority Adolescence (12 - 20 years) :identity vs role confusion Young adulthood (20 - 30years) :intimacy vs isolation Adulthood (30 - 65 years) :generativity vs stagnation Old age (65 years - death) :ego integrity vs despair |
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Piaget's stages of cognitive development |
Birth - 2 years :sensorimotor 2 - 6 years :preoperational 6 - 12 years :concrete operations 12 - 15 years and up :formal operations |
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Maslow's hierarchy of needs |
Self-actualization ( meeting one's full potential) Esteem ( feeling competent, strong self worth) Love and belongingness ( feeling worthy of affection and social support) Safety ( feeling free from danger and risk. Secure in one's own environment) Physiologic (adequate oxygen, food, and water) |
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Kohlberg's stages of moral development |
Preconventional ( common from 4 - 10 years): punishment and obedience. Instrumental relativist orientation Conventional ( common from 10 - 13 years and into adulthood) :interpersonal concordance orientation. Law and order orientation Postconventional ( can occur from adolescence on) :social contract legalistic orientation. Universal ethical principle orientation |
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Gilligan's theory of moral development |
Preconventional :self-centered Conventional :interest and concern for others Postconventional :socially responsible for oneself and others |
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What two factors have a large influence on the health of the developing baby |
Heredity and environment |
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How many chromosomes do each sperm and ovum contribute |
23 |
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Zygote |
A fertilized ovum |
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Zygote |
A fertilized ovum |
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Physiological jaundice |
A yellowish tinge to the skin of the newborn seen I the first 48 to 72 hours after birth |
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Placenta |
A flattened circular mass of tissue attached to the inner uterine wall |
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What function does a placenta have |
To produce hormones Transport nutrients and wastes Protect the unborn from harmful substances |
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Pseudomenstruation |
A slight blood-tinged vaginal discharge that may appear shortly after birth |
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Recessive genes |
Genes for inherited traits that can only be transmitted if they exist in pairs |
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Umbilical cord |
Connecting link between the Fetus and the placenta |
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Vernix caseosa |
A white, cheeselike, protective covering found on the neonate's skin |
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Weaning |
the gradual substitution of the cup for the breast or bottle |
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Sutures |
Thick bands of cartilage that separate the infant's skull bones |
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Sperm |
The male sex cell |
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Teratogens |
Chemical or physical substances that can adversely affect the unborn |
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Neonate |
The unborn or the first 4 weeks of extrauterine life |
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Normal physiological weight loss |
A loss of 5% to 10% of birth weight occurring in the early neonatal period with a regain in approximately 10 days |
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Nystagmus |
Unequal eye movements( crossing) owing to immature ciliary muscles |
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Ova |
The plural form of ovum; the female sex cells |
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Ovulation |
The rupture and release of the ovum |
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What is the sex of the zygote determined by: |
The combination of X and Y chromosomes |
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What does the ovum always contain |
An X chromosome |
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What happens when a Y chromosome sperm fertilizes the ovum |
A male zygote will be the result |
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What happens when a X chromosome sperm fertilizes the ovum |
A female zygote will be the result |
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When is the sex of the fetus determined |
At the time of conception |
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What are some examples of recessive disorders |
Tay-sachs disease Sickle- cell disease Hemophilia |
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How can you inherit a recessive trait or disorder |
The child must inherit the recessive gene from both parents |
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Karyotype |
The Individual chromosomal pattern of a person |
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Dominant genes |
Genes that are more capable of expressing their traits than other genes |
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Genes |
Found on stands of DNA within the cell nucleus |
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Embryo |
The developing organism ( called this until the end of the eighth week) |
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Effacement |
Shortening and thinning of the cervix |
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Engrossment |
The process of neonatal- father bonding |
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Fetus |
The developing organism ( called this from the eighth week until birth) |
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Fontanels |
Commonly called soft spots; spaces found between the infant's cranial bones where the sutures cross |
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Fertilization |
The union of the female ovum and male sperm cell; also called conception |
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Chromosomes |
Substances that carry the genes that transmit inherited characteristics |
