Life Science Chapter 3

Front 1

What does metabolism mean?

Back 1

Metabolism is the total of all chemical activities of an organism that enable it to stay alive, grow, and reproduce.

Front 2

What is a producer?

Back 2

Producers are organisms that make their own food. They are also called autotrophs.

Front 3

What are consumers?

Back 3

Consumers are organisms that can't make their own food. Also called heterotrophs.

Front 4

What is photosynthesis?

Back 4

The change in light energy into chemical energy. During photosynthesis, the energy from sunlight is used to make a sugar from carbon dioxide and water.

Front 5

What is the formula for photosynthesis?

Back 5

6CO2+6H2O+sunlight in the presence of chlorophyll makes C6, H12, O6,+ 6O2.

Front 6

What is the formula for respiration?

Back 6

C6,H12,O6+ 6O2 in the presence of chlorophyll = 6CO+6H2O+energy

Front 7

What is fermentation?

Back 7

Fermentation is a form of respiration that converts energy from glucose when oxygen is insufficient.

Front 8

What is the formula for lactic acid fermentation?

Back 8

C6H12O6 in the presence of enzymes 2C3H6O3

Front 9

What is the formula for alchoholic fermentation?

Back 9

C6H12O6 in the presence of yeast 2CO2+2C2H5OH

Front 10

What plant pigment is necessary for photosynthesis to take place?

Back 10

Chlorophyll.

Front 11

Where does cellular respiration take place?

Back 11

The mitochondria.

Front 12

In the light reaction phase of photosynthesis, water molecules are "split" and what is released?

Back 12

Oxygen.

Front 13

In the dark reaction phase of photosynthesis, what is carbon dioxide "fixed" into?

Back 13

Carbon dioxide.

Front 14

What substances needed for a plant to carry out photosynthesis?

Back 14

Water and carbon dioxide.

Front 15

What visible light spectrum do most plants reflect?

Back 15

Green.

Front 16

What is respiration that does not require oxygen said to be?

Back 16

Anaerobic.

Front 17

In respiration, which compound is chemically broken down to produce water, carbon dioxide, and energy?

Back 17

Glucose.

Front 18

What is an atom?

Back 18

Matter exists in small units called atoms.

Front 19

What is an element?

Back 19

When something is made up of only one kind of element.

Front 20

What is a molecule?

Back 20

A group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in chemical reaction.

Front 21

What is a compound?

Back 21

When elements combine chemically to form new substances.

Front 22

What are the four different classes of organic compounds?

Back 22

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Front 23

What are organic compounds function in the cell?

Back 23

Carbohydrates are used by breaking down to release energy, lipids are used to store and release larger amounts of energy, protein is used to build cell parts, and nucleic acid is used to carry hereditary information.

Front 24

What is an inorganic compound?

Back 24

Inorganic compounds are made from elements other than carbon.

Front 25

What are the elements that make up organic compounds?

Back 25

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Front 26

Which elements are most common in the human body?

Back 26

Oxygen and carbon.

Front 27

What is covalent bond?

Back 27

A chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. The balance of attractive and repulsive forces is known as a covalent bond.

Front 28

What is an ionic bond?

Back 28

A chemical bond formed between two ions with opposite charges.

Front 29

What is a solution?

Back 29

A solution is a mixture of in which one or more substances mix evenly with other substances.

Front 30

What is a suspension?

Back 30

A mixture in which substances are evenly spread through a liquid or gas.

Front 31

What is a colloid?

Back 31

A substance consisting of large molecules or microscopic particles of one substance dispersed through a second substance. The particles do not settle and cannot be separated by ordinary filtering.

Front 32

What does a selectively permeable membrane do?

Back 32

It allows some materials to pass through while keeping others out.

Front 33

What is diffusion?

Back 33

The net movement of molecules from an area where there are many to an area where there are few.

Front 34

What is osmosis?

Back 34

The diffusion of water across a cell membrane.

Front 35

What is passive transport and what is and example of it?

Back 35

The cell uses no energy to move the materials. An example of this is diffusion.

Front 36

What is active transport?

Back 36

The cell uses energy to move materials.

Front 37

What is biomass?

Back 37

Organic materials from plants or animals that is used for energy.

Front 38

What is gasohol?

Back 38

It is a mixture of gasoline and ethanol.

Front 39

What are some useful biomass materials?

Back 39

Firewood, charcoal, animal dung, and peat.

Front 40

What is biogas?

Back 40

A mixture of gases that can be stored and transported like natural gas.

Front 41

What is an advantage of using biomass?

Back 41

It reduces independence on fossil fuel, reduces waste disposal problem, biomass does not pollute the atmosphere with carbon dioxide as long as the plant matter burned equals the plant matter produced each year, and it has a high net energy efficiency when it is collected and burned close to the source of production.

Front 42

What are some disadvantages of using biomass?

Back 42

Plant production requires land and water so the use of land for energy crops competes with the growing of food crops. Improper management of croplands could lead to soil erosion, sedimentation, destruction of reservoirs, and flooding. Removing crop and forestry wastes may reduce soil nutrients.