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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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theory that living things come only from other living things |
Biogenesis
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belief that living things come from non-living things
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Spontaneous generation
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anything that causes a change in an organism
Example: light causing you to close your eyes |
Stimulus
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the reaction to a stimulus
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response
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invented the modern classification system with binomial nomenclature |
Carolis Linneaus
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Kingdom |
Living things are classified by the sequence...?
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kingdom
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Which of the classified living things has the most members?
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A two-name naming system
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Binomial nomenclature
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The scientific name of every organisim is?
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its genus and species
such as: house cat = Felis domesticus red oak = Quercus rubra |
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Many scientific names are written in?
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Latin
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Another name for a living thing
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organisim
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Organic molecules that supply energy
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carbohydrates
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The building blocks of living things
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protein
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Stored energy
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fat or lipids
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This makes up more than 50% of all living things |
water
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All living things are made of this?
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cells
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Cells without an organized nucleus
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prokaryotic
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Cells with an organized nucleus
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eukaryotic
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A group of cells working togethr to do a job
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Tissue
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Two or more tissues working together
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Organ
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A group of organs working together
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Organ system
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Directs the activities of the cell
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Nucleus
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The rigid outer layer of a plant cell
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cell wall
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The flexible outer covering of all cells (materials can move in and out)
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cell membrane
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"Cell-gel"; The liquid inside the cell
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cytoplasm
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Where photosynthesis takes place (only in plant cells)
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Chloroplasts
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A type of sugar- the fuel for animal cells
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glucose
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Animals use this which take place inthe mitochondrion
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respiration
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C6H12 + 6O2 |
Respiration
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Plants use what?
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photosynthesis
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The green pigent needed for photosynthesis
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chlorophyll
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What is converted to sugar in chloroplasts?
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sunlight energy
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6H2O + 6CO2 + Sunlight
Water + carbon dioxide Raw materials and C6H12O6 + O6 + 6O2 glucose + oxygen Products |
Photosynthesis
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What occurs when sugar is broken down outside the mitochrondion?
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fermentation
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Where does fermentation take place?
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in the cytoplasm?
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Single parent
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Asexual reproduction
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The process of cell division (cell makes an identical copy of itself)
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Mitosis
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A cell simply splits in two
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Fission
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A body part regrows and may form a new organism
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regeneration
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Offspring grows off the side of parent
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budding
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Two parents (has a mixture of genes from both parents)
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Sexual reproduction
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Joining of sperm cell and egg cell
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fertilization
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These cells have two of every kind of chromosome
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Diploid cells
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These cells have one half of the number of chromosomes as body cells (sex cells)
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Haploid cells
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46 chromosomes, human sex cells 23 chromosomes
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human body cells
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male reproductive cell
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sperm cell
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female reproductive cell
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egg cell
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Structures in the nucleus that contain hereditary information
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chromosomes
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deoxyribonucleic acid- genetic codes found in the nucleus
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DNA
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Studied pea plants and revealed the principle of genetics
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Gregor Mendel
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A tool to predict the outcome of genetic cross
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Punnett square
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(T)
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capital letter stands for dominant allele
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(t)
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lower case letter stands for recessive allele
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The passing of traits from parents to offspring
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heredity
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The study of heredity
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genetics
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A small section of DNA that stores instructions for making a protein
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gene
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A mistake in the DNA sequence
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mutation
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Two alleles are the same (TT or tt)
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homozygous
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two alleles are different (Tf or iT)
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heterozygous
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An organism with two different alleles for the same trait
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hybrid
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An organism with the same allele from each parent
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pure bred
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Can be revealed only if a dominant gene is not present
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recessive genes
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Remains of life from an earlier time
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fossil
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Tree sap trapping an organism then hardening like a rock
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amber
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Are found below younger rocks
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old rocks
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So that organisms on Earth appear from simple to complex
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fossils
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Studied animals (finches, tortoises, and iguanas) on the Galapagos Island
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Darwin
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His theory of natural selection described "survival of the fittest"
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Darwin
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Change in hereditory features of a type of organism over time. Change in inherited characteristics over time
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evolution
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Body parts that are similar origin and structure comparing a bat's wing to a bird's wing
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homologous structures
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Body parts with no apparent function. They show evidence of evolution. Example: human appendix
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Vestigial structures
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A group of organisms that look alike and can reproduce among themselves
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species
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A strand of genetic material (DNA & RNA) surrounded by protein coat
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A virus
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They can only copy themselves inside a host cell
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A virus
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What treats bacteria infections, not viruses
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antibiotics
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This can prevent but not cure disease
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vaccines
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What are these a type of...Colds, the flu and Aids
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Virus
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Antibiotics kills what but not what?
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NOT viruses
DOES KILL bacteria |
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A simple single cell organisim
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bacteria
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One of six kingdoms of bacteria
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Eubacteria
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One fo the 6 kingdoms...
also some are producers also two many at one time can cause a bloom, which causes fish |
Eubactaria
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One of the 6 kingdoms that
a. AKA "salt lovers", "heat lovers" and "acid lovers" |
Archaebacteria
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One of the 6 kingdoms that live in extreme environments
1. helps to recycle nutrients 2. decomposers |
Archaebacteria
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An Archaebactera that feeds on dead organisms
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saprophytes
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Using bacteria to clean up toxic spills (such as oil spills)
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Bioremediation
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Organisms that cause disease
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pathogens
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This is used to heat food to temperatures that kill most bacteria but don't cook the food such as in juices, milk products.
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Pasturization
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Usually treated with antibiotics
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treating bacterial infections
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