Life Science Mid-Term

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hypothesis

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are possible explanations for observations

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volume

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the amount of space something occupies

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compound microscope

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magnifies a living specimen

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theory

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a set of related hypotheses that are supported by evidence

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technology

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the use of knowledge, tools, and materials to solve problems

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the scientific method

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repeat or switch the order of steps as needed

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to find out the side effects of a new medicine a scientist should...

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include a control group that takes no medicine

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a tool that a scientist would use to see the branch of nerves that come off the spinal cord would be...

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an MRI

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the International System of Units are helpful because...

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they help scientists give a common way to share their results

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a hypothesis that cannot be tested is called...

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not useful

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a 10,000g object also contains...

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10 kg

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in the cell membrane _____ molecules form 2 layers

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phospholipid

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when a planarian worm is cut in half each half develops into a whole worm this is an example of...

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asexual reproduction

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_____ _____ are sometimes called the blueprints of life

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nucleic acids

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_____ is the passing of traits from one generation to the next

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heredity

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______ refers to all the chemical activities that an organisms cells preform

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metabolism

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_____ is a complex carbohydrate manufactured by plants

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starch

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when a duck dives into the water its inner eyelids automatically raise to cover the ducks eyes. in this case the water acts as a______

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stimulus

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the molecule that provides energy from cellular processes is ___

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ATP

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cells do not use _____ ______ for energy storage

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nucleic acids

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_____________________________________ is Not true about proteins

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they are the primary source of energy for cells

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_______ is not true about the cell theory

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all cells have a nucleus and a cell membrane

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plants, animals, weather, and soil on a mountain top is a________

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ecosystem

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______ is not found in plant cells

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lysosome

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____________ contains cellulose

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all plant cells

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which part of a cell manufactures lipids

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endoplasmic reticulum

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materials that are released outside the cell are transported to the cell membrane in a small compartment that has pinched off the...

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Golgi Complex

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_____________ are Not a characteristic of bacteria

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endoplasmic reticulum

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_____ are made up of a group tissues that work together to preform a specific job

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organs

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the role of the cell's ___________ is to release energy that can be used to power various cellular processes

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mitochondria

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unlike animal cells plant cells have _______ to capture energy from the sun

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chloroplasts

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DNA, the genetic material of a eukaryotic cell, is located in the cell's ____

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nucleus

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cells that have no membrane covered organelles are _________

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prokaryotic

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a part of the Golgi Complex can pinch off and form a ________ which contains digesting enzymes

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lysosome

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_______ is the random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

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diffusion

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plants produce their own food by the process of _____________

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photosynthesis

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food molecules that are not easily passed through the cell membrane can enter the cell by __________

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endocytosis

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human body cells have 23 pairs of __________ ________

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homologous chromosomes

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the process of cell division in a bacterial cell is called _______ ______

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binary fission

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food particles move through proteins in the cell membrane without using energy in a process celled

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passive transport

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when wilted celery is soaked in water, it becomes crisp again due to

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osmosis

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fermentation in animal cells produces

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lactic acid and ATP

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oxygen is used to break down food molecules and release energy in a process called

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cellular respiration

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_____ is a product of photosynthesis

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glucose

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__ is not used to make glucose in photosynthesis

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O2

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a ______ plant produces offspring with the same traits as the parent

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true breading

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a physical expression of an organism's genes is its

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phenotype

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each parent donates a set of instructions, know as ____ to it's offspring

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genes

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when Mendel preformed genetic crosses, the traits that seemed to vanish were __________ _____

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recessive traits

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eggs and sperm are

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sex cells

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dominative or recessive

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elleles

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if you cross 2 rabbits that have the genotype Bb, how many possible genotypes can be found in the offspring

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3

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the normal amount of chromosomes in a human sex cell is

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23

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if a purple flower with the genotype Pp self pollinates, the ratio of purple offspring to white offspring would be

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3 purple, 1 white

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the mathematical chance that an event will occur is

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probability

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Genes are composed of subunits known as

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nucleotides

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The amount of _______ in DNA is always equal to the amount of guanine

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cytosine

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_____ ___________ allows scientists to transfer genes from one organism to another

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Genetic Engineering

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a ________ is a tool for tracing a genetic trait through generations of family

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pedigree

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examples of chemical __________ include asbestos and chemicals found in cigarette smoke

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mutagens

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the code for a given amount of amino acids consists of _ bases

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3

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in a DNA molecule _____ ______ ______ are the materials that make it up

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a sugar a phosphate and a base

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most genetic disorders such as sickle cell anemia are due to a

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dominant gene

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a pine tree is a member of the ______ kingdom

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plantae

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some members of the kingdom protosita have

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flagella

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the seven levels of classification are

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kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

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Linnaeus is known for

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founding the science of taxonomy

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organisms in the kingdom ________ usually have advanced nervous systems and can move by them selves

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animalia

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eubacteria do not

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live in hot springs

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fungi obtain nutrients by

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absorbing it from their surroundings

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members of the kingdom ______ include such organisms as the mold that grows on bread

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fungi

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orders of organisms are further broken down into _______

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families