Life Science Chapter 4

Front 1

Diffusion

Back 1

Is the movement of small particles form an area where their concentration is high to an area where their concentration is low

Front 2

Osmosis

Back 2

Is the diffusion of water through the cell membrane

Front 3

Passive Transport

Back 3

Is the diffusion of small particles through the protein. No energy needed to make happen.

Front 4

Active Transport

Back 4

Is the movement of small particles through proteins against the normal direction of diffusion. Particles are moved from low concentration to high. Cell must use energy.

Front 5

Endocytosis

Back 5

Is when the cell membrane surrounds a large particle and encloses it in a vesicle to bring it into the cell. (within the cell)

Front 6

Exocytosis

Back 6

Is when vesicles are formed at the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi complex and carry the large particles to the cell membrane. This process is used to remove large particles from a cell. (outside the cell)

Front 7

Photosynthesis

Back 7

Is the process when plants are able to capture light energy from the sun and change it into food.

Front 8

Cellular Respiration

Back 8

Breaks down food molecules in order to release the energy stored using oxygen. Glucose + Oxygen = Carbon Dioxide + Water + energy (ATP)

Front 9

Fermentation

Back 9

Breaks down food molecules in order to release the energy stored without using oxygen. Produces a small amount of ATP.

Front 10

Cell cycle

Back 10

Life cycle of a cell

Front 11

Chromosome

Back 11

Is the structure of DNA and protein of a cell.

Front 12

Binary Fission

Back 12

A simple cell division in which a cell splits into two. Happens in bacteria (prokaryotic cells).

Front 13

Homologous Chromosomes

Back 13

Are pairs of similar chromosomes

Front 14

Chromotids

Back 14

The two copies of the duplicated chromosomes.

Front 15

Centromere

Back 15

Is the region where the chromatids are held together.

Front 16

Mitosis

Back 16

Complicated process of chromosome separation. The 2nd stage of the cell cycle in which the new cell receives a copy of each chromosome.

Front 17

Cytokinesis

Back 17

Is when mitosis is complete and the cytoplasm splits in two. The result is two identical cells that are also identical to the original cell. Last stage of the cell cycle.